Human CD8+ T-cell differentiation in response to viruses

Lier, René A. W. van; Berge, Ineke J. M. ten; Gamadia, Laila E.

doi:10.1038/nri1254

Cited by 265 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The accumulation of CMV-specific memory T cells may be maintained through a continuous replacement of short-lived, functional T cells and/or accumulation of apoptosis-resistant late-stage differentiated or Bsenescent^T cells (Van Lier et al 2003;Ouyang et al 2004;Snyder et al 2008). In mice, it has been shown that viral inoculum dose impacts the degree of CMV-specific memory T cell inflation and the phenotype of memory subsets (Redeker et al 2014).…”

Section: T Cell Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

Souquette¹,

Frere²,

Smithey³

et al. 2017

GeroScience

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Approximately 50% of individuals aged 6-49 years in the United States are infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV), with seroprevalence increasing with age, reaching 85-90% by 75-80 years according to Bate et al. (Clin Infect Dis 50 (11): 1439-1447 and Pawelec et al. (Curr Opin Immunol 24:507-511, 2012). Following primary infection, CMV establishes lifelong latency with periodic reactivation. Immunocompetent hosts experience largely asymptomatic infection, but CMV can cause serious illness in immunocompromised populations, such as transplant patients and the elderly. Control of CMV requires constant immune surveillance, and recent discoveries suggest this demand alters general features of the immune system in infected individuals. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the immune response to CMV and the role of CMV in immune aging and fitness, while highlighting the importance of potential confounding factors that influence CMV studies. Understanding how CMV contributes to shaping Bbaseline^immunity has important implications for a host's ability to mount effective responses to diverse infections and vaccination.

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Section: T Cell Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

Souquette¹,

Frere²,

Smithey³

et al. 2017

GeroScience

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“…Cells were washed with PBS and total RNA was isolated with the MagNA Pure LC RNA Isolation Kit-High Performance (Roche Diagnostics, Almere, The Netherlands). cDNA was made using the 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit for RT-PCR (AMV) with Oligo-p(dT) 15 Primer (Roche). Murine perforin, TNF-a and IFN-c cDNA levels were quantified with a "Hot Start" PCR reaction with LightCycler FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I using the LightCycler Instrument (Roche).…”

Section: Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, a separate population of T cells with constitutive cytolytic potential can be found in the CD8 + CCR7 -CD62L -fraction. These T cells can be characterized by various phenotypic traits such as CD28 -, CD27 -, CD56 + , 2B4 + and high intracellular expression of perforin, granzyme B and CD95 ligand [11][12][13][14][15]. Interestingly, the emergence of these cytotoxic cells in the circulation has been associated with prior CMV but not other latent viral infections [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of murine CD8+CD27- T cells

et al. 2005

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“…However, there is significant functional heterogeneity in CD8 T cells and they are also efficient in producing anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines [5][6][7][8]. The effector mechanisms used may depend on the pathogen and on the type of cell or tissue that is infected [8].CD8 T cell responses involve the differentiation of naive T cells into distinct types of effector and memory cells [2, 3,9]. One approach to analyse a T cell response is to examine the expression of receptors that mediate homing of T cells, such as CD62L, which binds to glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 on [4,20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCR5⁺ CCR7^– CD8 T cells are early effector memory cells that infiltrate tonsil B cell follicles

et al. 2007

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Naive and central memory CD8 T cells use CCR7 to recirculate through T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs where they can encounter antigen. Here we describe a subset of human CD8 T cells expressing CXCR5 which enables homing in response to CXCL13 produced within B cell follicles. CXCR5 + CD8 T cells were found in tonsil B cell follicles, and isolated cells migrated towards CXCL13 in vitro. They expressed CD27, CD28, CD45RO, CD69, and were CD7 low , and produced IFN-c and granzyme A but lacked perforin, a functional profile suggesting that these cells are early effector memory cells in the context of contemporary T cell differentiation models. Receptors important in the interaction with B cells, including CD70, OX40 and ICOS, were induced upon activation, and CXCR5 + CD8 T cells could to some extent support survival and IgG production in tonsil B cells. Furthermore, CXCR5 + CD8 T cells expressed CCR5 but no CCR7, suggesting a migration pattern distinct from that of follicular CD4 T cells. The finding that a subset of early effector memory CD8 T cells use CXCR5 to locate to B cell follicles indicates that MHC class I-restricted CD8 T cells are part of the follicular T cell population. IntroductionCD8 T cells are lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system which recognize viral and bacterial peptides presented by MHC class I molecules and are indispensable in the control of many intracellular infections [1]. When appropriately stimulated by antigen presented by dendritic cells (DC) in secondary lymphoid tissues, they proliferate vigorously, become effector cells, and upon resolution of infection a small population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells are maintained as long-lived memory cells [2][3][4]. A primary effector mechanism of CD8 T cells is the killing of infected cells via the targeted release of the lytic effector molecules perforin and granzymes, and via expression of death receptors. However, there is significant functional heterogeneity in CD8 T cells and they are also efficient in producing anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines [5][6][7][8]. The effector mechanisms used may depend on the pathogen and on the type of cell or tissue that is infected [8].CD8 T cell responses involve the differentiation of naive T cells into distinct types of effector and memory cells [2, 3,9]. One approach to analyse a T cell response is to examine the expression of receptors that mediate homing of T cells, such as CD62L, which binds to glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 on [4,20,21]. CXCR5 is a chemokine receptor which is expressed on all B cells and on specialized subsets of DC and T cells [22]. It has only one known ligand, the chemokine CXCL13, mainly produced by stromal cells and follicular DC within B cell follicles [23][24][25]. CXCR5 + CD4 T cells, known as follicular homing T helper cells, are found in B cell follicles and contribute to the generation of effective humoral immune responses by supporting antibody production and isotype class switching [26,27]. However, some of the processes and mec...

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Human CD8+ T-cell differentiation in response to viruses

Cited by 265 publications

References 103 publications

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

Properties of murine CD8+CD27- T cells

CXCR5⁺ CCR7^– CD8 T cells are early effector memory cells that infiltrate tonsil B cell follicles

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Human CD8+ T-cell differentiation in response to viruses

Cited by 265 publications

References 103 publications

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

A constant companion: immune recognition and response to cytomegalovirus with aging and implications for immune fitness

Properties of murine CD8+CD27- T cells

CXCR5+ CCR7– CD8 T cells are early effector memory cells that infiltrate tonsil B cell follicles

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CXCR5⁺ CCR7^– CD8 T cells are early effector memory cells that infiltrate tonsil B cell follicles