Human case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus suis serotype 5 in Japan: The first report and literature review

Taniyama, Daisuke; Sakurai, Mayu; Sakai, Tetsuya; Kikuchi, Takahide; Takahashi, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2016.09.011

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Worldwide, human cases are reported to be mainly due to serotype 2 (74.7%) and 14 (2.0%), both serotypes are equally involved in cases of meningitis (50–70%) and septicemia (20–25%) ( Goyette-Desjardins et al, 2014 ). Only occasional cases were reported to be caused by serotypes 4, 5, 16, 21, 24, and 31 ( Arends and Zanen, 1988 ; Nghia et al, 2008 ; Kerdsin et al, 2011b , 2016 ; Callejo et al, 2014 ; Gustavsson and Rasmussen, 2014 ; Hatrongjit et al, 2015 ; Taniyama et al, 2016 ). Most of the persons, who were infected by serotypes other than serotype 2, were suffering from a pre-existing liver cirrhosis ( Kerdsin et al, 2011b ; Taniyama et al, 2016 ) or other immunocompromising illnesses ( Callejo et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Diversity Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.

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Section: Diversity Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

et al. 2018

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“…In most European countries, the infection rates among the exposed groups are poorly known as the diseases caused by S. suis are not notifiable, and only the United Kingdom and France consider S. suis infections in humans as an industrial-risk disease (affecting farmers, veterinarians, butchers, food processing workers and so on) [ 1 , 2 , 15 , 25 , 53 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. While the colonization rate of S. suis in swine and wild boars has been extensively described (85–100%), there are very few reports on the human colonization rate with S. suis ; most studies report on the risk-group population of people handling pork meat, with the colonization rates ranging between 0–10% [ 1 , 2 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In constrast, serotype 9 is one of the most common (19.4–61.0%) in the pigs of some Western European countries [ 29 ]. Infections caused by serotypes 4,5,8,9,11,12,13,16,21,24,31 and species with untypeable serotypes are considered to be rare (0–2.7%)—only sporadic cases were reported [ 4 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. S. suis isolates causing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and high mortality rates were associated with the presence of a pathogenicity island (89K PAI), most commonly seen in large Chinese outbreaks [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…suis infections such as raw (or uncooked) pork consumption, direct exposure to pigs or pork, workplace exposure in several professions (e.g., butchers, slaughterhouse workers, hunters, retail workers in butcheries), excessive consumption of alcohol, skin injuries (especially during handling pig or pork), male gender and some underlying diseases contributing to immuno-compromised conditions [ 37 , 38 ]. Most patients, who were infected by serotypes other than SS2, had liver cirrhosis [ 30 , 34 ] or other pre-existing immunosuppressive states [ 39 ]. In addition, as previously reported for invasive Group B Streptococcus infections, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, splenectomy and malignancies have been suggested as important predisposing factors for the development of rapid and fatal S. suis infections [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Streptococcus suis: An Underestimated Emerging Pathogen in Hungary?

et al. 2020

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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, demonstrated as an etiological agent in human infections in increasing frequency, including diseases like purulent meningitis, sepsis, uveitis-endophtalmitis and arthritis. Due to the increased availability and utility of novel diagnostic technologies in clinical microbiology, more studies have been published on the epidemiology of S. suis, both in veterinary and human medicine; however, there are no comprehensive data available regarding human S. suis infections from East-Central European countries. As a part of our study, data were collected from the National Bacteriological Surveillance (NBS) system on patients who had at least one positive microbiological result for S. suis, corresponding to an 18-year study period (2002–2019). n = 74 S. suis strains were isolated from invasive human infections, corresponding to 34 patients. The number of affected patients was 1.89 ± 1.53/year (range: 0–5). Most isolates originated from blood culture (63.5%) and cerebrospinal fluid (18.9%) samples. Additionally, we present detailed documentation of three instructive cases from three regions of the country and with three distinctly different outcomes. Hungary has traditional agriculture, the significant portion of which includes the production and consumption of pork meat, with characteristic preparation and consumption customs and unfavorable epidemiological characteristics (alcohol consumption, prevalence of malignant diseases or diabetes), which have all been described as important predisposing factors for the development of serious infections. Clinicians and microbiologist need to be vigilant even in nonendemic areas, especially if the patients have a history of occupational hazards or having close contact with infected pigs.

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“…The cases included: meningitis (13 persons), septic disease comprising septic shock, septicemia and septic arthritis (10), endocarditis (1), and peritonitis (1). The occupational origin of the disease was reported in 19 cases from the United Kingdom [80], Germany [66,81], USA [82][83][84], Australia [27], Canada [67], Korea [85], Japan [56,86], Chile [87], Poland [88], Sweden [89], Greece [90], Italy [91], and Malaysia [92], whereas in the remaining 6 cases, from Croatia [93], Argentina [94], Italy [95], Vietnam [96] and Korea [97], no association could be found between the occupation and disease. The patients who contracted S. suis infection at work included: pig farmers (11 persons), truck drivers transporting pigs (2), butchers (2), pet-food processor (1), worker of the restaurant serving raw meat (1), hunter (1), and cattle farmer (1).…”

Section: Relevance To Occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

Dutkiewicz

Sroka²,

Zając³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Streptococcus suis (ex Elliot 1966, Kilpper-Bälz & Schleifer 1987) is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive ovoid or coccal bacterium surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule. Based on the antigenic diversity of the capsule, S. suis strains are classified serologically into 35 serotypes. Streptococcus suis is a commensal of pigs, commonly colonizing their tonsils and nasal cavities, mostly in weaning piglets between 4-10 weeks of age. This species occurs also in cattle and other mammals, in birds and in humans. Some strains, mostly those belonging to serotype 2, are also pathogenic for pigs, as well as for other animals and humans. Meningitis is the primary disease syndrome caused by S. suis, both in pigs and in humans. It is estimated that meningitis accounted for 68.0% of all cases of human disease reported until the end of 2012, followed by septicaemia (including life-threatening condition described as 'streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome' - STSLS), arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis. Hearing loss and/or ves tibular dysfunction are the most common sequelae after recovery from meningitis caused by S. suis, occurring in more than 50% of patients. In the last two decades, the number of reported human cases due to S. suis has dramatically increased, mostly due to epidemics recorded in China in 1998 and 2005, and the fulminant increase in morbidity in the countries of south-eastern Asia, mostly Vietnam and Thailand. Out of 1,642 cases of S. suis infections identified between 2002-2013 worldwide in humans, 90.2% occurred in Asia, 8.5% in Europe and 1.3% in other parts of the globe. The human disease has mostly a zoonotic and occupational origin and occurs in pig breeders, abattoir workers, butchers and workers of meat processing facilities, veterinarians and meat inspectors. Bacteria are transmitted to workers by close contact with pigs or pig products, usually through contamination of minor cuts or abrasions on skin of hands and/or arms, or by pig bite. A different epidemiologic situation occurs in the Southeast Asian countries where most people become infected by habitual consumption of raw or undercooked pork, blood and offal products in the form of traditional dishes. Prevention of S. suis infections in pigs includes vaccination, improvement in pig-raising conditions, disinfection and/or fumigation of animal houses, and isolation of sick animals at the outbreak of disease. Prevention of human infections comprises: protection of skin from pig bite or injury with sharp tools by people occupationally exposed to pigs and pig products, prompt disinfection and dressing of wounds and abrasions at work, protection of the respiratory tract by wearing appropriate masks or repirators, consulting a doctor in the case of febrile illness after exposure to pigs or pork meat, avoidance of occupations associated with exposure to pigs and pork by immunocompomised people, avoidance of consumption of raw pork or pig blood, adequate cooking of pork, and health edu...

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Human case of bacteremia due to Streptococcus suis serotype 5 in Japan: The first report and literature review

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

Streptococcus suis: An Underestimated Emerging Pathogen in Hungary?

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

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