Human Cancers and Mammalian Retroviruses: Should We Worry About Bovine Leukemia virus?

Munro, Andrew C; Houldcroft, Charlotte J.

doi:10.2217/fvl.16.5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is prevalent and causes B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in cattle globally. Recent studies have suggested that BLV DNA was present in the breast tissues of women with breast cancer in the USA and Australia , raising concerns that BLV may be a risk factor for human breast cancer . BLV miRNAs mediate the expression of genes involved in cell cancer and immunity, and are essential in the induction of B‐cell tumors and efficient viral replication .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine milk transcriptome analysis reveals microRNAs and RNU2 involved in mastitis

Lai

Lai²,

Rahman

et al. 2019

The FEBS Journal

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Mastitis is a common inflammatory infectious disease in dairy cows. To understand the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile changes during bovine mastitis, we undertook a genome-wide miRNA study of normal milk and milk that tested positive on the California mastitis test for bovine mastitis (CMT+). Twenty-five miRNAs were differentially expressed (23 miRNAs upregulated and two downregulated) during bovine mastitis relative to their expression in normal milk. Upregulated mature miR-1246 probably derived from a U2 small nuclear RNA rather than an miR-1246 precursor. The significantly upregulated miRNA precursors and RNU2 were significantly enriched on bovine chromosome 19, which is homologous to human chromosome 17. A gene ontology analysis of the putative mRNA targets of the significantly upregulated miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in binding target mRNA transcripts and regulating target gene expression, and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the upregulated miRNAs were predominantly related to cancer and immune system pathways. Three novel miRNAs were associated with bovine mastitis and were relatively highly expressed in milk. We confirmed that one of the novel mastitis-related miRNAs was significantly upregulated using a digital PCR system. The differentially expressed miR-NAs were involved in human cancers, infections, and immune-related diseases. The genome-wide analysis of miRNA profiles in this study provides insight into bovine mastitis and inflammatory diseases. DatabasesThe miRNAseq generated for this study can be found in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under BioProject Number PRJNA421075 and SRA Study Number SRP126134 (https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA421075).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine milk transcriptome analysis reveals microRNAs and RNU2 involved in mastitis

Lai

Lai²,

Rahman

et al. 2019

The FEBS Journal

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“…The risk of incidental findings in pathogen sequencing (for example, the discovery of HIV infection during metagenomic sequencing for other pathogens) is not novel and the solution The issues of sensitivity and contamination are especially important in WGS, because of the risk of both false-negative and false-positive detection of pathogens. Highly sensitive sequencing (whether metagenomic, PCR-based or target enrichment-based) may detect low-level contaminating viral nucleic acids 112,113 . For example, murine leukaemia virus 114,115 and parvovirus-like sequences 116,117 are just two of many contaminants that can come from common laboratory reagents, such as nucleic acid extraction columns 118 .…”

Section: Ethical Issues and Incidental Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and biological insights from viral genome sequencing

2017

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| Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of pathogens is becoming increasinglyimportant not only for basic research but also for clinical science and practice. In virology, WGS will be important for the development of novel treatments and vaccines and for increasing the power of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genomics. In this Opinion article, we suggest that WGS of viruses in a clinical setting will become increasingly important for patient care. We give an overview of different WGS methods used in virology and summarize their advantages and disadvantages. Although there are only partially addressed technical, financial and ethical issues with the clinical application of viral WGS, this technique

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“…As the majority of studies detected XMRV sequences in North American patients, geographical distribution may play an important role in virus prevalence. [ 32 33 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey on human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) coinfection in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2018

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Background:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a gamma retrovirus, which has been detected in patients with prostate cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, and general population with a number of acquired infections such as infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the HTLV-1 and XMRV coinfection for the first time in Iranian patients who were admitted to the Tehran hospitals.Materials and Methods:Two hundred and ninety one patients suspected with HTLV-1 were referred to the hospitals affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from April 2012 to October 2016. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells/cerebrospinal fluids was extracted by High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche, Germany). After complementary DNA synthesis, conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of HTLV-1 or XMRV-infected patients. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analyses.Results:Of the 291 patients suspected of HTLV infection, 123 (42.3%) were male with a mean age of 38±15 years. HTLV-1 RNA was found in 93 (31.9%) specimens comprising 40 men (41.3%) and 53 women (56.9%). Of the 93 patients who were HTLV-1 positive, one sample (1%) was positive for XMRV env gene.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the lack of significant detection of XMRV in patients who were HTLV-1 positive could not be associated with complications of HTLV-1. Although this is a preliminary report from Iranian patients with HTLV-1, further studies are needed to show the actual prevalence of XMRV infection by geographical distribution and various populations.

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Human Cancers and Mammalian Retroviruses: Should We Worry About Bovine Leukemia virus?

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Bovine milk transcriptome analysis reveals microRNAs and RNU2 involved in mastitis

Bovine milk transcriptome analysis reveals microRNAs and RNU2 involved in mastitis

Clinical and biological insights from viral genome sequencing

A survey on human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) coinfection in Tehran, Iran

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