Human calicivirus occurrence among outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing, China, between April 2011 and March 2013

Gao, Zhiyong; Li, Xi-tai; Yan, Huan; Li, Weihong; Jia, Lei; Hu, Li; Hu, Hong; Liu, Baiwei; Li, Jie; Wang, Quanyi

doi:10.1002/jmv.24265

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Although the GII.17 genotype emerged at the end of 2014 and was most prevalent in outbreaks of diarrhea in some Asian countries and the United States [ 29 – 33 ], the GII.17 variant did not replace the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant in sporadic diarrhea cases in the study. This finding was in accordance with other studies conducted in China [ 28 , 34 ], which suggested that the GII.4 Orleans 2009 variant did not replace the GII.4-2006b variant and was not prevalent in China [ 28 , 34 ]. The molecular epidemiology of NoV in China was that the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant directly replaced the GII.4-2006b variant and has become the predominant variant since 2012 [ 34 – 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The molecular epidemiology of NoV in China was that the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant directly replaced the GII.4-2006b variant and has become the predominant variant since 2012 [ 34 – 36 ]. Moreover, this epidemic’s characteristics were not accordance with findings from other studies conducted in some European and American countries, where the GII.4 Orleans 2009 variant has successfully replaced the GII.4-2006b variant since 2009, and the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant has replaced the GII.4 Orleans 2009 variant since 2012 [ 6 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of human caliciviruses among diarrhea cases in southwest China

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2016

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundAcute diarrhea is one of the most serious problems in global public health that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human caliciviruses (HuCV) including norovirus (NoV, genogroup GI and GII) and sapovirus (SaV), is a leading cause of acute sporadic diarrhea in individuals across all age groups. However, few studies had been conducted clarifying the characteristics of HuCV in diarrhea cases across all age groups in China. Our study was aimed at assessing the HuCV-related diarrhea burden and NoV genotypes distribution in southwest China.MethodsThe study was conducted in four hospitals in Kunming city, Yunnan province, from June 2014 to July 2015. Stool specimens were collected from 1,121 diarrhea cases and 319 healthy controls in outpatient departments. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect NoV (GI, GII) and SaV. Sequencing was applied to confirm the three viral infections and phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine their genotypes. A structured questionnaire was used to record the demographic information and clinical symptoms of subjects.ResultsHuCV was detected at an 11.0 % infection rate in 1,121 diarrhea cases and at 3.4 % rate in 319 non-diarrhea subjects (p < 0.0001, OR = 3.5, 95 % CI 1.8–6.5). The prevalence of the NoV genogroup GII and genotype GII.4 in diarrhea cases was significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (p < 0.0001, p = 0.018, respectively). NoV GII (n = 118, 10.5 %) was the most common HuCV subtype in diarrhea cases, followed by SaV (n = 3, 0.3 %) and NoV GI (n = 2, 0.2 %). Of 118 NoV GII strains isolated from diarrhea patients. GII.4 (n = 55, 46.6 %) was the predominant strain, followed by GII.3 (n = 28, 23.7 %), GII.12 (n = 25, 21.2 %), GII.17 (n = 8, 6.8 %), and GII.5 (n = 2, 1.7 %). Of the 55 GII.4 strains, the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant had absolutely predominant prevalence (n = 52, 94.5 %), followed by the NoV GII.4-2006b variant (n = 3, 5.5 %). The GII.4 Orleans 2009 variant was not found in diarrhea cases of the study.ConclusionsNoV GII was the major genogroup and GII.4 was the most predominant strain detected in diarrhea patients. The GII.17 is an emergent variant in sporadic diarrhea and might become the predominant strain in diarrhea cases in the near future. Rapid, accurate detection kits need to be developed to help us find and treat NoV-associated diarrhea in clinical settings in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of human caliciviruses among diarrhea cases in southwest China

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2016

BMC Infect Dis

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“…To date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported [11–13, 22–24]. So far the recombinant strain was not found in either human beings or animals of China, although the SaV infections in children and pigs were common in this area [25–27]. Here, we reported a complete genome of a recombinant SaV strain that identified from a piglet with diarrhea in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in China

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2017

Virol J

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BackgroundSapovirus (SaV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. To date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for China. Here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine SaV identified from a piglet with diarrhea of China.MethodsA fecal sample from a 15-day-old piglet with diarrhea was collected from Shanghai, China. Common agents of gastroenteritis including porcine circovirus type 2, porcine rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine SaV, porcine norovirus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus were detected by RT-PCR or PCR method. The complete genome of porcine SaV was then determined by RT-PCR method.Phylogenetic analyses based on the structural region and nonstructural (NS) region were carried out to group this SaV strain, and it was divided into different genotypes based on these two regions. Recombination analysis based on the genomic sequence was further performed to confirm this recombinant event and locate the breakpoint.ResultsAll of the agents showed negative results except for SaV. Analysis of the complete genome sequence showed that this strain was 7387 nt long with two ORFs and belonged to SaV GIII. Phylogenetic analyses of the structural region (complete VP1 nucleotide sequences) grouped this strain into GIII-3, whereas of the nonstructural region (RdRp nucleotide sequences) grouped this strain into GIII-2. Recombination analysis based on the genomic sequence confirmed this recombinant event and identified two parental strains that were JJ259 (KT922089, GIII-2) and CH430 (KF204570, GIII-3). The breakpoint located at position 5139 nt of the genome (RdRp-capsid junction region). Etiologic analysis showed the fecal sample was negative with the common agents of gastroenteritis, except for porcine SaV, which suggested that this recombinant strain might lead to this piglet diarrhea.ConclusionsP2 strain was an intra-genogroup recombinant porcine SaV. To the best of our knowledge, this study would be the first report that intra-genogroup recombination of porcine SaV infection was identified in pig herd in China.

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“…GII.4 Sydney_2012 was first detected in August 2012 and replaced Den Haag 2006b as the predominant variant in Beijing after September 2012. Between October and December 2012, the monthly detection rates of NoV were higher than those in the previous year, and the visits to enteric clinics increased by 44.6 % compared with the same period in the previous year [ 24 ]. Similar results were also observed with GII.17_2014 in this study, which suggests that this GII.17_2014 has the same epidemiological fitness in Beijing as GII.4 Sydney_2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased norovirus activity was associated with a novel norovirus GII.17 variant in Beijing, China during winter 2014–2015

et al. 2015

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BackgroundNorovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Increased NoV activity was observed in Beijing, China during winter 2014–2015; therefore, we examined the epidemiological patterns and genetic characteristics of NoV in the sporadic cases and outbreaks.MethodsThe weekly number of infectious diarrhea cases reported by all hospitals in Beijing was analyzed through the China information system for disease control and prevention. Fecal specimens were collected from the outbreaks and outpatients with AGE, and GI and GII NoVs were detected using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The partial capsid genes and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes of NoV were both amplified and sequenced, and genotyping and phylogenetic analyses were performed.ResultsBetween December 2014 and March 2015, the number of infectious diarrhea cases in Beijing (10,626 cases) increased by 35.6 % over that of the previous year (7835 cases), and the detection rate of NoV (29.8 %, 191/640) among outpatients with AGE was significantly higher than in the previous year (12.9 %, 79/613) (χ2 = 53.252, P < 0.001). Between November 2014 and March 2015, 35 outbreaks of AGE were reported in Beijing, and NoVs were detected in 33 outbreaks, all of which belonged to the GII genogroup. NoVs were sequenced and genotyped in 22 outbreaks, among which 20 were caused by a novel GII.17 strain. Among outpatients with AGE, this novel GII.17 strain was first detected in an outpatient in August 2014, and it replaced GII.4 Sydney_2012 as the predominant variant between December 2014 and March 2015. A phylogenetic analysis of the capsid genes and RdRp genes revealed that this novel GII.17 strain was distinct from previously identified GII variants, and it was recently designated as GII.P17_GII.17. This variant was further clustered into two sub-groups, named GII.17_2012 and GII.17_2014. During winter 2014–2015, GII.17_2014 caused the majority of AGE outbreaks in China and Japan.ConclusionsDuring winter 2014–2015, a novel NoV GII.17 variant replaced the GII.4 variant Sydney 2012 as the predominant strain in Beijing, China and caused increased NoV activity.

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Human calicivirus occurrence among outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing, China, between April 2011 and March 2013

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Emergence of human caliciviruses among diarrhea cases in southwest China

Emergence of human caliciviruses among diarrhea cases in southwest China

Genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in China

Increased norovirus activity was associated with a novel norovirus GII.17 variant in Beijing, China during winter 2014–2015

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