Human Body Impedance and Threshold Currents for Perception and Pain for Contact Hazard Analysis in the VLF-MF Band

Interaction of a MW AM broadcast transmitter with a large crane and the analysis of the workers' safety

“…Although the current levels do not pose fatal effect, sensing shock and burning effects at 80 meters height aggravates the working conditions and disturbs the stability of the worker. According to Chatterjee et al, a male human being perception of the current by finger contact is around 40 mA at 702 kHz and he senses pain when this level exceeds 50 mA [2]. According to IEEE C95.1 standard, the limit for contact touch current is given as 16.7 mA and this limit is relaxed to 50 mA if the exposed person is aware of the situation (controlled environment case) [1].…”

“…In each configuration, the worker is modeled with lumped elements which are valid at the simulation frequency [2,5]. In the first configuration, the worker is modeled as a series connection of 430 ohm resistor and 10 uF capacitor.…”

Thermal models for microwave hazards and their role in standards development

“…In a study to evaluate hazards from contact currents, Chatterjee et al [1986] measured thresholds for perception and pain in 367 human subjects from RF currents between 10 kHz and 3 MHz passed into their body by contact with metallic surfaces. At the lower end of this frequency range the subjects reported a tingling sensation, presumably due to nerve stimulation; at higher frequencies they reported sensations of warmth.…”

Broadband RF current detector

“…Guidelines for human exposure which were made by the IEEE (IEEE, 1992) are based on the known hazards of heating (Cabanac, 1983;Mumford, 1969;Schwan et a., 1980;Stolwijk, 1983), shock (Chatterjee et al, 1986;Dalziel et a., 1950;Dalziel et a., 1969), and burn (Dalziel et a., 1969;Rogers, 1981), and do not seriously consider the possible but as yet unquantified effects of low-level exposure (Adey et a., 1982;Albert et a., 1981;Anderson, 1993;Baranski et a., 1976;Bawin et a., 1977;Blackman et at., 1985;Chou et at., 1982;Cleary, 1993;Foster et at., 1974;Frey, 1971;Frey et at., 1983;Froehlich, 1975;Grundler et at., 1977;Jensh, 1984;Lin, 1980;Lords et a., 1973;Marg, 1991;Pressman, 1970;Sher, 1963;Taylor, 1981).…”