Human Biobanks

Abstract

The chapter presents a careful comparative study on ethical and legal aspects of human biobanks both in Europe and elsewhere. The rapid expansion of human DNA sampling and data collection has taken place in the last few years, but the legal and ethical perception of this situation looks very different in European countries and beyond. The author focuses her attention on the European Union, especially in Estonia, where a population wide gene back has been established; moreover, she also discusses what is happening in Macedonia, a relatively neglected country in Eastern Europe, as well as Australia, India and Israel.

Converting Human Power into Electricity: Current Status and Future Directions

“…One of them was released in 1995, as shown in Figure 14, the radio is capable of generating electricity from a crank and is designed to meet the need for people in rural areas of South Africa without access to electricity to be able to hear some essential information. [95]. By the end of the 20th century, the development of human-powered products wasn't just limited to users in areas with no electricity.…”

“…They converted the input torque directly into electrical energy through a gearbox and generator and stored it using NiCad batteries. The products of this period represented a new era in human-powered technology and paved the way for future developments [95].…”