Human bioavailability of phenolic compounds found in common beans: the use of high-resolution MS to evaluate inter-individual variability

Abstract

Although common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are consumed worldwide, studies on the metabolic fate of phenolic compounds from common beans are still very scarce. The present work aimed to study the bioavailability of phenolic compounds in human plasma and urine, after acute consumption of a single meal of cooked common beans. Blood and urine of seven volunteers were collected before (0 h) and at different time points (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h for plasma and 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8 and 8–24 h for urine) after beans’ intake. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used for quantification. After beans’ intake, 405 (sd 3) g, containing 188 mg of phenolic compounds (expressed as gallic acid equivalents), there was a significant increase (P < 0·05) in the plasma concentration of six metabolites and in the urinary excretion of eleven metabolites. After 1 h post-consumption, metabolites, such as kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, showed a significant increase in plasma concentration, suggesting kaempferol’s glucuronidation in the upper gastrointestinal tract. More than 50 % of the total amount of metabolites, such as 4-methylcatechol-O-sulphate and dihydrocaffeic acid-3-O-sulphate, were excreted after 8 h post-consumption, indicating colonic bacterial metabolism of the phenolic compounds. Partial least square-discriminant analysis models clearly showed clusters of metabolites, which contributed to extend the list of compounds related to cooked common beans’ human intake at different time points and showed the human inter-individual variability in plasma concentration as well as in urinary excreted metabolites, after cooked common beans’ intake.

Recent Analytical Approaches for the Study of Bioavailability and Metabolism of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

“…Due to these results, the role of the microbiota in the metabolism and absorption of phenolic compounds is currently well-known. For this reason, plasma samples are usually collected up to 8 h after the intervention in most studies or even longer [46,57,58]. For example, Mecha et al explicitly mentioned that the metabolites detected after 8 h refer to colonic bacterial metabolism [58].…”

“…For this reason, plasma samples are usually collected up to 8 h after the intervention in most studies or even longer [46,57,58]. For example, Mecha et al explicitly mentioned that the metabolites detected after 8 h refer to colonic bacterial metabolism [58].…”

“…This section focuses on discussing the aspects of col these samples in relation to bioavailability and metabolism studies. Urine samples are of special interest, since the excreted metabolites may be a tion of the metabolic transformations produced in the original compounds of the e Regarding this type of sample, there are studies that use only a single interval of collection [59,60] and studies that use multiple collection intervals [58,61]. In g urine samples are usually collected after establishing several time intervals for bette itoring of metabolite excretion.…”

“…In the case of urine in human models, it is mostly co at the following intervals: (0-2), (2-5), (5)(6)(7)(8) and (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) h. In animal assays, they are u Urine samples are of special interest, since the excreted metabolites may be a reflection of the metabolic transformations produced in the original compounds of the extract. Regarding this type of sample, there are studies that use only a single interval of sample collection [59,60] and studies that use multiple collection intervals [58,61]. In general, urine samples are usually collected after establishing several time intervals for better monitoring of metabolite excretion.…”

Metabolomics Technologies for the Identification and Quantification of Dietary Phenolic Compound Metabolites: An Overview

“…The key role played by phenolic microbial metabolites in the health effects of dietary PC has prompted experiments on Q-TOF-based metabolomic fingerprints in biological fluids. Gut microbial metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine samples following the consumption of cranberry juice [57], cocoa products [72], beans [83], and tomato products [81]. Hydroxycinnamate metabolites derived from microbiota were detected in both plasma and urine after coffee intake [32], and microbial metabolites in urine were found to be strongly affected by moderate red wine consumption [48].…”