Human bile retrieved from the normal biliary system is not sterile

Warburton, R; Gelson, Will; Harper, Sara A.; Rushbrook, S.; Narbad, Arjan

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(17)30391-4

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Colonization and the diversity of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in establishing a symbiotic system of host-microbial interactions. Historically, the pancreas and the bile were viewed as sterile compartments, however recent studies have demonstrated that this is not the case [13,30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enterococcus faecalis, for instance, impairs anastomotic healing in CRC via enhancing collagen-degrading activity and activating intestinal tissue matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) [7,12]. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that compartments formerly viewed as sterile, such as the bile or the pancreas, harbor their own autochthonous site-specific microbiome [13][14][15]. Translocation of bacteria into the pancreas may occur either from the duodenum via the biliary/pancreatic duct, or through the circulatory system [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, preoperative biliary stenting, as well as drains, could influence the composition of the pancreatic microbiome. Emerging preclinical data support that the microbiome can influence tumor progression and therapeutic responses through several pathways, such as through inflammation, immunity, and metabolism [13,18]. The molecular basis of this regulation is still being elucidated, and disputes exist as to whether the microbiota act directly in the cancer-initiating or progression cascade, or as a mediator of other stimuli such as inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiome Patterns in Matched Bile, Duodenal, Pancreatic Tumor Tissue, Drainage, and Stool Samples: Association with Preoperative Stenting and Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Development

Langheinrich

Wirtz

Kneis

et al. 2020

JCM

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Postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery are still a significant problem in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the microbiomes of different body compartments (bile duct, duodenal mucosa, pancreatic tumor lesion, postoperative drainage fluid, and stool samples; preoperative and postoperative) in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery for suspected pancreatic cancer, and their association with relevant clinical factors (stent placement, pancreatic fistula, and gland texture). For this, solid (duodenal mucosa, pancreatic tumor tissue, stool) and liquid (bile, drainage fluid) biopsy samples of 10 patients were analyzed using 16s rRNA gene next-generation sequencing. Our analysis revealed: (i) a distinct microbiome in the different compartments, (ii) markedly higher abundance of Enterococcus in patients undergoing preoperative stent placement in the common bile duct, (iii) significant differences in the beta diversity between patients who developed a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF B/C), (iv) patients with POPF B/C were more likely to have bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus, and (v) differences in microbiome composition with regard to the pancreatic gland texture. The structure of the microbiome is distinctive in different compartments, and can be associated with the development of a postoperative pancreatic fistula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiome Patterns in Matched Bile, Duodenal, Pancreatic Tumor Tissue, Drainage, and Stool Samples: Association with Preoperative Stenting and Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Development

Langheinrich

Wirtz

Kneis

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Moreover, in a study of 19 bile samples obtained during surgery from patients with a normal biliary tree (no stones or obstruction), there was positive growth in 16/19 samples for bacteria which led to a conclusion that human bile is not, as first thought, sterile. 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%