Human Behavior during the Tsunami of May 1960

Abstract

cupy a separate family of its own. The karyotype of Callimico is intermediate between the marmoset karyotype and that of the cebid genus Callicebus. It can only be said that in this case the chromosomal evidence is in agreement with the idea, expressed by Hill (36), that the Callithricidae are a specialized, rather than a primitive group, and that Callimico is more primitive (and unspecialized) and is hence probably closer to the ancestral cebid stem.References and Notes 1.

Psychological Processes and Personality Factors for an Appropriate Tsunami Evacuation

“…Our findings do not support a contribution of past tsunami experience to appropriate evacuation, as demonstrated previously [7]. Although we accept that this may be due to limitations in our survey and analysis, we consider that the impact of tsunami experience was minimal, given that the contribution demonstrated in previous research [7] was subtle, albeit significant.…”

“…Nevertheless, the response varies across individuals [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In an early quantitative survey of the 1960 Hawaiian tsunami, only 41% of residents who recognized the warning responded [7]. In the recent 2011 Tohoku (or Great East Japan) earthquake and tsunami disaster, which we address in this study, only 57% of residents evacuated immediately, even after experiencing the severe earthquake and hearing the rapid warning [8].…”

“…The contribution of a mnemonic process to the decision to evacuate is also of interest. Empirical surveys have demonstrated a positive association between past experience of a tsunami [7] and evacuation drills [16,17] with an adaptive response. However, it has yet to be examined whether these experiences are remembered in the face of a cue of an impending tsunami and can promote evacuation.…”

“…These traits appear to be relevant to the psychological processes described herein and may be a good target for educational interventions, but few studies related to disasters have explored this. Although some have discussed the issue [7,18], empirical findings have been limited: only the "locus of control" [19] has been discussed, and only in terms of tornado or hurricane disasters [20,21]. This line of research appears promising, given the demonstrated relationship between scores on the Big Five basic personality dimensions and the perceptions of various types of risky social behaviors [22].…”

Analysis of Crowd Behaviour Theories in Panic Situation

“…Few issues that have been considered within this vicinity, namely behavioural response to a natural disaster [25], [26] [27]; crowd dynamics of football supporters [28] and the emergence of riots [29].…”