Human babesiosis in Alsace

Paleau, A.; Candolfi, Ermanno; Souply, L.; Briel, D. De; Delarbre, J.-M.; Lipsker, Dan; Jouglin, Maggy; Malandrin, Laurence; Hansmann, Yves; Martinot, M.

doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2019.08.007

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, in contrast to the USA, where transfusion-transmitted infections occur quite frequently, to date, only a single case in Europe ( B. microti [ 8 ]) appears to have resulted from a blood transfusion. At the present time, therefore, and despite the increasing evidence for mild and asymptomatic infections [ 22 , 71 , 72 ] and the relative frequency of blood transfusions in the population, this form of transmission appears to carry a low risk of babesiosis in Europe.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some cases were not published but communicated personally, and not all of them were confirmed using molecular methods [ 1 , 46 , 47 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. From 1998 until the present, at least 13 additional cases were published in France [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], Portugal [ 14 ], Norway [ 73 ], Spain [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], Turkey [ 77 ], Finland [ 44 ], Ireland [ 78 ] and the UK [ 79 ] ( Table 1 ). Overall, this amounts to more than 50 cases, with 35 attributed to B. divergens , 5 to B. venatorum and 11 to B. microti (excluding imported cases) ( Table 1 , Table 2 , Table 3 ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Babesiosis in Europe

et al. 2021

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Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Babesiosis in Europe

et al. 2021

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“…Więcej, bo około 40% osób w tej grupie posiadało przeciwciała przeciwko B. venatorum [18,29]. Pojedyncze przypadki zarażeń B. venatorum stwierdzono w takich krajach jak: Włochy, Austria, Szwecja, Niemcy i Francja [19,36]. Tereny endemiczne dla tego gatunku Babesia występują na terenie Azji, gdzie wykrywane są też zarażenia B. microti oraz przypadki inwazji nowymi dla człowieka szczepami/genogatunkami Babesia.…”

Section: Babeszjozaunclassified

Risk Of Transmission Of Tick-Borne Diseases By Blood Transfusion

Fiecek

Matławska

Gołąb

et al. 2020

Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology

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Streszczenie: Obawa przed zakażeniami przenoszonymi przez transfuzję krwi była problemem od początku ery krwiolecznictwa. Jedną z faz wszystkich chorób zakaźnych, w tym przenoszonych przez kleszcze, jest okres wylęgania, podczas której nie ma objawów klinicznych wynikających z obecności drobnoustrojów we krwi. Z tego powodu, krew pobrana od zakażonego dawcy może stanowić w tym momencie potencjalne źródło zakażenia dla biorcy. Z danych literaturowych wynika, że brak jest udokumentowanych doniesień o możliwości przeniesienia zakażenia krętkami B. burgdorferi (czynnika etiologicznego boreliozy z Lyme) na człowieka zdrowego poprzez transfuzję krwi. Opisywano jednak przypadki po przetoczeniach takich zakażeń jak babeszjoza, anaplazmoza, riketsjozy z grupy gorączek plamistych, bartonelozy. Zakażenia przenoszone przez kleszcze nie znajdują się w kryteriach dyskwalifikacji stałej (oprócz tularemii) lub czasowej dla kandydatów na dawców krwi oraz w przeciwwskazaniach do pobrania krwi. Nie stosuje się także testów do rutynowego wykrywania patogenów odkleszczowych w krwiolecznictwie. Dlatego znajomość dynamiki faz tych chorób, okresy zakaźności i ich występowania we krwi w połączeniu z wywiadem lekarskim, badaniem przedmiotowym i wynikami pomocniczych badań diagnostycznych, mają podstawowe znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa biorców krwi.

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“…In contrast, the number of reported cases in Europe has remained low [23]. To date, approximately fifty cases have been reported in Europe [24][25][26][27]. The majority of these cases have been attributed to B. divergens, three to B. venatorum and two cases to B. microti [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first possible explanation for these findings is that the European Babesia species do not give rise to persistent infections in immunocompetent humans, although they may cause seroconversion [37]. A second possible explanation may be that human babesiosis is underdiagnosed due to a milder disease course and non-characteristic symptoms in immunocompetent patients, lack of awareness about the disease, and the difficulty in making a diagnosis [27,38]. Although molecular evidence of infection with B. divergens in humans has been found in the Netherlands, no clinical cases of autochthonous babesiosis have been reported thus far [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of Babesia Species and Their Exposure to Humans through Ixodes ricinus

et al. 2021

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Human babesiosis in Europe has been attributed to infection with Babesia divergens and, to a lesser extent, with Babesia venatorum and Babesia microti, which are all transmitted to humans through a bite of Ixodes ricinus. These Babesia species circulate in the Netherlands, but autochthonous human babesiosis cases have not been reported so far. To gain more insight into the natural sources of these Babesia species, their presence in reservoir hosts and in I. ricinus was examined. Moreover, part of the ticks were tested for co-infections with other tick borne pathogens. In a cross-sectional study, qPCR-detection was used to determine the presence of Babesia species in 4611 tissue samples from 27 mammalian species and 13 bird species. Reverse line blotting (RLB) and qPCR detection of Babesia species were used to test 25,849 questing I. ricinus. Fragments of the 18S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from PCR-positive isolates were sequenced for confirmation and species identification and species-specific PCR reactions were performed on samples with suspected mixed infections. Babesia microti was found in two widespread rodent species: Myodes glareolus and Apodemus sylvaticus, whereas B. divergens was detected in the geographically restricted Cervus elaphus and Bison bonasus, and occasionally in free-ranging Ovis aries. B. venatorum was detected in the ubiquitous Capreolus capreolus, and occasionally in free-ranging O. aries. Species-specific PCR revealed co-infections in C. capreolus and C. elaphus, resulting in higher prevalence of B. venatorum and B. divergens than disclosed by qPCR detection, followed by 18S rDNA and COI sequencing. The non-zoonotic Babesia species found were Babesia capreoli, Babesia vulpes, Babesia sp. deer clade, and badger-associated Babesia species. The infection rate of zoonotic Babesia species in questing I. ricinus ticks was higher for Babesia clade I (2.6%) than Babesia clade X (1.9%). Co-infection of B. microti with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Neoehrlichia mikurensis in questing nymphs occurred more than expected, which reflects their mutual reservoir hosts, and suggests the possibility of co-transmission of these three pathogens to humans during a tick bite. The ubiquitous spread and abundance of B. microti and B. venatorum in their reservoir hosts and questing ticks imply some level of human exposure through tick bites. The restricted distribution of the wild reservoir hosts for B. divergens and its low infection rate in ticks might contribute to the absence of reported autochthonous cases of human babesiosis in the Netherlands.

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Human babesiosis in Alsace

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Human Babesiosis in Europe

Human Babesiosis in Europe

Risk Of Transmission Of Tick-Borne Diseases By Blood Transfusion

Circulation of Babesia Species and Their Exposure to Humans through Ixodes ricinus

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