Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization.

Lenz, Angela; Heisenberg, Martin; Schuler, Gerold; Romani, Angela

doi:10.1172/jci116873

Cited by 268 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Only a very small proportion (median 0.3%, n ϭ 4) displayed Lag, which is associated with Birbeck granules and related structures in LC [28]. Our data confirm the hypothesis that monocyte-derived DC are rather a model for dermal DC [18] because most expressed Factor XIIIa, CD11b, and CD101 [6,7,32,35]. Indeed, in situ labeling in the skin confirmed exclusive expression of FXIIIa in the dermis, and of E-cadherin and Lag in the epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…A population of interstitial DC, called dermal DC, has also been characterized in the dermis. They are characterized by the expression of FXIIIa and CD11b [6,7], and they share some morphological and phenotypical properties with LC, as the expression of CD1a in part of them. However, the relationship between dermal and epidermal DC has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Grassi

Dezutter‐Dambuyant

McIlroy

et al. 1998

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Most monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) display CD1a, like Langerhans cells (LC) and some dermal DC, but their relationship with these skin DC remains unclear. To address this issue, we studied the expression of different antigens characteristic of skin DC and of monocyte/macrophages in CD1a ؉ and CD1a ؊ monocyte-derived DC. Their phenotype indicated that they may be related to dermal DC rather than to LC, i.e., they were all CD11b-positive, and 72% were Factor XIIIapositive, but they did not express E-cadherin nor VLA-6. It is interesting that CD1a ؉ and CD1a

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Grassi

Dezutter‐Dambuyant

McIlroy

et al. 1998

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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“…These cells are a mixture consisting of epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. All dendritic cells within these populations were fully mature, as previously shown (30,31), and as monitored by morphology under phase contrast and by CD83 and CD86 expression (data not shown). In three independent experiments, SACS …”

Section: Fully Mature Skin-derived Dendritic Cells Make No Detectablesupporting

confidence: 81%

Production of IL-12 by Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Is Optimal When the Stimulus Is Given at the Onset of Maturation, and Is Further Enhanced by IL-4

Ebner¹,

Ratzinger²,

Krösbacher³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

143

104

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Dendritic cells produce IL-12 both in response to microbial stimuli and to T cells, and can thus skew T cell reactivity toward a Th1 pattern. We investigated the capacity of dendritic cells to elaborate IL-12 with special regard to their state of maturation, different maturation stimuli, and its regulation by Th1/Th2-influencing cytokines. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days, followed by another 3 days ± monocyte-conditioned media, yielding mature (CD83+/dendritic cell-lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein+) and immature (CD83−/dendritic cell-lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein−) dendritic cells. These dendritic cells were stimulated for another 48 h, and IL-12 p70 was measured by ELISA. We found the following: 1) Immature dendritic cells stimulated with CD154/CD40 ligand or bacteria (both of which concurrently also induced maturation) secreted always more IL-12 than already mature dendritic cells. Mature CD154-stimulated dendritic cells still made significant levels (up to 4 ng/ml). 2) Terminally mature skin-derived dendritic cells did not make any IL-12 in response to these stimuli. 3) Appropriate maturation stimuli are required for IL-12 production: CD40 ligation and bacteria are sufficient; monocyte-conditioned media are not. 4) Unexpectedly, IL-4 markedly increased the amount of IL-12 produced by both immature and mature dendritic cells, when present during stimulation. 5) IL-10 inhibited the production of IL-12. Our results, employing a cell culture system that is now being widely used in immunotherapy, extend prior data that IL-12 is produced most abundantly by dendritic cells that are beginning to respond to maturation stimuli. Surprisingly, IL-12 is only elicited by select maturation stimuli, but can be markedly enhanced by the addition of the Th2 cytokine, IL-4.

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“…six wells) were pooled for each experimental condition. Human skin organ cultures were based on recently described methods [32,33]. Split-thickness skin (0.15-0.20 mm) from corrective plastic surgery of mammae and abdomina was trimmed to pieces of approximately 1 ϫ 1 cm.…”

Section: Skin Organ Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in skin organ cultures: augmentation by TNF-α and IL-1 β

Stoitzner

Zanella

Ortner

et al. 1999

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

114

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Migration from sites of antigen encounter to lymphoid organs is essential to the strong immunogenic function of dendritic cells (DC). In the skin, migration proceeds through dermal lymphatic vessels and is regulated in an incompletely understood way by inflammatory mediators. We studied the effects of tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣) and interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) in mouse skin organ cultures by direct enumeration of migrating DC and by immunohistochemistry.

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Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization.

Cited by 268 publications

References 40 publications

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells have a phenotype comparable to that of dermal dendritic cells and display ultrastructural granules distinct from Birbeck granules

Production of IL-12 by Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Is Optimal When the Stimulus Is Given at the Onset of Maturation, and Is Further Enhanced by IL-4

Migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in skin organ cultures: augmentation by TNF-α and IL-1 β

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