Human- and Animal-Pathogenic Members of the Genus Pseudomonas

Bergan, Tom

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-13187-9_59

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…The arcB gene shows more similarity with the argF(E) gene than with the argF(P) gene (Table 5). The G+C contents of the arcB and argF(E) genes (Table 5) are intermediate between the values which are typical of genomic DNA from P. aeruginosa (67% G+C) and E. coli (51% G+C) (4). By contrast, the G+C contents of the argF(P) and argl genes are close to the typical values for the respective hosts (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional control of the argF structural gene

et al. 1988

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In Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO the anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase, EC 2.1.3.3) is the product of the argF gene and the only arginine biosynthetic enzyme whose synthesis is repressible by arginine. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the argF gene including its promoter-control region. The deduced amino acid sequence of the anabolic OTCase consists of 305 residues (Mr 33,924), and this was confirmed by the N-terminal amino acid sequence, the total amino acid composition, and the subunit Mr of the purified enzyme. The native anabolic OTCase (Mr 110,000 to 125,000) was found to be a trimer by cross-linking experiments. P. aeruginosa also has a catabolic OTCase (the arcB gene product), which catalyzes the reverse reaction of the anabolic conversion. At the nucleotide sequence level, the P. aeruginosa argF gene had 52.4% identity with the arcB gene. The Escherichia coli argF and argI genes, which code for anabolic OTCase isoenzymes, had 47.3 and 44.9% identity, respectively, with the P. aeruginosa argF sequence. This suggests that these four genes have evolved from a common ancestral gene. The arcB gene appears to be more closely related to the E. coli argF gene than to the P. aeruginosa argF gene. Two transcripts (mRNA-1, mRNA-2) of the P. aeruginosa argF gene were identified by S1 mapping. The transcription initiation site for mRNA-1 was preceded by sequences having partial homology with the E. coli -35 and -10 consensus promoter sequences. No sequence similar to consensus promoters of enteric bacteria was found upstream of the 5' end of mRNA-2. E. coli carrying a P. aeruginosa argF+ recombinant plasmid produced mRNA-1 with low efficiency but no (or very little) mRNA-2. Arginine repressed argF transcription in P. aeruginosa. In the argF promoter region no sequence homologous to the "arg box" (arginine operator module) of E. coli was found. The mechanism of arginine repression in P. aeruginosa thus appears to be different from that in E. coli.Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO has two ornithine carbamoyltransferases (OTCases; EC 2.1.3.3). The anabolic OTCase, which is the product of the argF gene [designated argF (P) quarternary structure of the purified anabolic OTCase from the same organism. This allowed us to make comparisons with the known sequences and structures of other OTCases, notably the catabolic arcB enzyme from P. aeruginosa (2) and the two anabolic argF [designated argF(E) herein] and argI isoenzymes from Escherichia coli K-12 (3, 48). We found that all of these enzymes had substantial sequence similarities.In P. aeruginosa, the anabolic OTCase is the only arginine biosynthetic enzyme whose synthesis is repressed by exogenous arginine (25,49); the arginine biosynthetic pathway is controlled essentially by feedback inhibition of the first two enzymes (17,18). Little is known about the mechanism of argF(P) repression because no regulatory mutants are available. By contrast, regulation of arginine biosynthesis has been studied extensively in E. coli K-12, in which the argR rep...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional control of the argF structural gene

et al. 1988

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“…Being genetically and metabolically versatile, Pseudomonas spp. are ubiquitous and occupy multiple ecological niches (92). Several sequences had strong similarity to that of P. aeruginosa, which is an efficient competitor for resources; it produces antibiotics (79) and deploys toxins to attack the cell walls of other bacterial competitors in a community (93).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Labile Organic Carbon Concentration on Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Utilization by a Stream Biofilm Bacterial Community

Ghosh

Leff

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest component of the organic matter pool in lotic ecosystems (1, 2). The concentrations and compositions of DOM vary spatially and temporally (3-5), which in turn affects the productivity of stream food webs (6, 7). Heterotrophic bacteria are major consumers of DOM (8, 9), and thus, DOM influences bacterial community composition (i.e., structure) and abundance (10-12).The processing and fate of organic carbon (C) is fundamentally and synergistically linked to the nitrogen (N) cycle (13,14). Despite this linkage between the C and N cycles, many studies focus solely on C dynamics (15)(16)(17) or N dynamics (18-20) rather than their interrelationship. In streams, specifically, C and N are tightly linked (21), and C availability strongly influences N dynamics (22, 23), yet our knowledge of how specific properties of DOM influence N dynamics is limited.Nitrogen is an important component of DOM (24), and a major fraction (often more than 50%) of the total dissolved N pool is dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (25-27). The DON pool is composed of a continuum of compounds ranging from high-molecular-weight polymers, like polypeptides, to low-molecularweight monomers, like amino acids and urea (28,29). DON is also derived from different sources (e.g., allochthonous versus autochthonous), which influence the composition and lability (30,31).Allochthonous sources contribute the majority of refractory DON to streams (32), whereas alga-derived DON is more labile (33,34). DON utilization by heterotrophic bacteria varies; the labile fraction is readily utilized (35-38), while the recalcitrant fraction is utilized with the aid of extracellular enzymes (39).Reliance on organic versus inorganic forms of N depends on N availability. The ability to take up dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the form of nitrate or ammonia is widespread among bacteria; ammonia uptake is energetically favorable, but often nitrate is more available (40, 41). Although DON serves as a potential N (and C) source for microbial communities (28,29,42), bacterial metabolism of DON is influenced by inorganic N concentrations (43). High DIN concentrations inhibit the production of enzymes that scavenge N from DON (44) and reduce extracellular hydrolysis of refractory DON (44,45).DOM serves as a substrate for bacterial growth (46), which in turn increases the demand for assimilation of nitrogen (21). DON serves, potentially, as both a C and an N source. The ability of DON to meet the metabolic demand for organic C likely influences the assimilative demand for N and whether, energetically, that demand is best met by N from DON or DIN. To empirically examine the impact of labile DOM on the responses of bacteria to DON and DIN, bacterial abundance and community composition (based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms [T-RFLP] of 16S rRNA genes) (47) were examined in controlled laboratory microcosms subjected to various dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, and DIN treatments. Bacterial communities that had c...

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“…putrefaciens group 'Pseudomonas' putrefaciens (Derby & Hammer) Long & Hammer, 1941 has been briefly reviewed by Bergan (1981). The cells are aerobic Gram-negative rods with one polar flagellum; they produce a typical pinkish, reddish or apricot-coloured water-soluble pigment and H,S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Intergeneric Similarities of the rRNA Cistrons of Alteromonas, Marinomonas (gen. nov.) and Some Other Gram-negative Bacteria

Landschoot¹,

Ley²

1983

Microbiology

100

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14C-labelled rRNA was prepared from Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27 126 and from Alteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 14393. 3H-labelled rRNA was isolated from Alteromonas uaga ATCC 271 19 and Alteromonas putrefaciens ATCC 8071 colony type tl. These rRNAs were hybridized under stringent conditions with filter-fixed DNA from various Alteromonas strains and from organisms of marine origin and/or with mol % G + C values in the range 40 to 50.Each hybrid was described by its TmCe, and percentage of rRNA binding. From rRNA similarity maps and Tmce) dendrograms the following conclusions were drawn. The genus Alteromonas is very heterogeneous and consists of four rRNA branches: (1) Alt. macleodii alone; (2) the Alt. haloplanktis cluster, containing most of the named Alteromonas species and a number of organisms which should be renamed Alteromonas ( 'Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa', 'Pseudomonas nigrifaciens', 'Pseudomonas atlantica' ATCC 19262, 'Pseudomonas carrageenouora', 'Pseudomonas piscicida', and several unnamed alginolytic bacteria); we propose to limit the genus Alteromonas to the former two clusters; (3) Alt. putrefaciens, the rRNA cistrons of which resemble those of the Vibrionaceae and are as different from the above two Alteromonas rRNA branches as are those of the Vibrionaceae, the Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas ; 'Pseudomonas rubescens' belongs to this branch and Alteromonas hanedai seems to be a remote relative; (4) Alteromonas communis and Alt. uaga constitute another, separate rRNA branch; in conjunction with their special phenotypic features, we propose to create a new genus, Marinomonas, for them. The exact taxonomic position of 'Alteromonas thalassomethanolica' could not be established..

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Human- and Animal-Pathogenic Members of the Genus Pseudomonas

Cited by 34 publications

References 213 publications

Anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional control of the argF structural gene

Anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional control of the argF structural gene

Impacts of Labile Organic Carbon Concentration on Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Utilization by a Stream Biofilm Bacterial Community

Intra- and Intergeneric Similarities of the rRNA Cistrons of Alteromonas, Marinomonas (gen. nov.) and Some Other Gram-negative Bacteria

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