Human Alu Insertion Polymorphisms in North African Populations

Cherni, Lotfi; Frigi, Sabeh; Ennafaa, Hajer; Mtiraoui, Nabil; Mahjoub, Touhami; Benammar-Elgaaïed, Amel

doi:10.3378/027.083.0503

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…To illustrate this, the CD4 100(+), a common Sub-Saharan African haplotype, has been found in the Libyan sample with a frequency of 0.0327. This genetic richness of the Libyan population, also stated in previous work (Ben Cherni et al, 2011;Fadhlaoui-Zid et al, 2011), could be due Present study Flores et al, 2000;González-Pérez et al, 2010 partly to the fact that Libya is located more in the south (in continuity with the south of Tunisia) nearer to central Sub-Saharan countries and at the same time it has a long Mediterranean coastline to the north. Regarding the genetic relationships among Middle East and North African samples, if we exclude the Libyan sample, we do not observe any particular genetic closeness among these groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Distinctive genetic signatures of Alu/STR compound systems revealed by analyses of Mediterranean and Middle East populations

Bahri

Esteban

Halima

et al. 2014

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The Middle East and Mediterranean represents one of the most ancient and largest areas of human civilization. Although several genetic studies have been carried out on certain regions of this area, it would be interesting to take advantage of additional global studies, including larger numbers of regions. In this paper we aim to expand previous genetic studies on populations from this area by investigating new populations and providing a global view based on the distribution of CD4 and FXIIIB Alu/STR (short tandem-repeat) compound systems. Haplotype frequencies of these two systems are determined in 352 DNA samples from Libya, Bahrain, and southern Iran. Comparative analyses and MDS plot representation show an evident genetic differentiation among the three population groups studied, i.e. North and South Mediterranean and Middle East. In addition, they assert the genetic richness and differentiation of Libya from other North African populations. Three haplotypes, CD4 90(+), FXIIIB 180(-) and CD4 110(-), were determined to be specific to Middle Eastern populations. The distribution of the two Alu/STR system haplotypes suggests that population movements between the North Mediterranean and Middle East are relatively less important than those involving the South Mediterranean with both the North Mediterranean and Middle East. However, the impact of these population movements is minimal compared to the long-standing settlement of the three population groups that have retained their genetic identity. Anthropological data thus obtained from the use of CD4 and FXIIIB Alu/STR compound systems would reflect the effect of advantages peculiar to these two systems. The determination of their haplotypes in more populations from the Middle East (particularly from the Arabian Peninsula) and from East Asia will provide more details on human evolutionary history.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Distinctive genetic signatures of Alu/STR compound systems revealed by analyses of Mediterranean and Middle East populations

Bahri

Esteban

Halima

et al. 2014

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“…This dissimilarity matrix was used to generate a MDS plot of population variation in two dimensions. For MDS analysis seven Alu insertion loci (ACE, APO, B65, D1, FXIIIB, PV92, and TPA25) were selected in order to provide the best comparison with data available in the literature (Stoneking et al, 1997;Comas et al, 2000;Bahari et al, 2008;Cherni et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We analysed 11 human-specific Alu insertion polymorphisms, A25, ACE, APO, B65, D1, F13B, H2.36, H2.43, H3.23, PV92, and TPA25, representing the most analysed Alu insertion polymorphisms in the population genetics literature (Table 1) (Stoneking et al, 1997;Comas et al, 2000;Cherni et al, 2011). This characteristic offered us an opportunity to compare the genetic structure of our studied population with those reported for other African ethnic groups (Table 2).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alu insertion polymorphisms in four ethnic groups from northern Ivory Coast

Santovito

Cervella

Delpero

2014

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Patterns of genetic variation among geographically and ethnically diverse African populations have been under-represented in human genetics studies despite their importance for describing the evolutionary history of modern human populations. We conducted a study on 133 individuals, belonging to four northern Ivorian ethnic groups, based on the allele distribution of 11 Alu insertion loci, and compared the results with other African populations. All loci proved to be polymorphic in all ethnic groups, with the exception of HS2.43 and HS3.23, which were fixed for the absence and for the presence, respectively, of the Alu element. No significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found among polymorphic loci, except for TPA25 loci in the Baoulé and Bété groups. Average heterozygosity (0.193 ± 0.042) was lower than that observed for the same loci in other African populations and the F ST value among ethnic groups for all loci was also notably low (0.0456). Multidimensional scaling analysis clearly separated Ivorians from other African samples, while in the neighbor-joining tree this population represented a basal branch of the tree, close to the hypothetical ancestral lineage. The picture emerging from our analyses reveals a conspicuous genetic homogeneity among Dioulà, Sénoufos, Boulè, and Bètè despite their sociocultural subdivision. Moreover, this northern Ivory Coast population, as a whole, turns out to be relatively isolated from the other African populations, possibly as a consequence of local patterns of population history, limited migration rates, and random genetic drift.

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Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y‐chromosome haplogroups

Triki-Fendri

Sánchez-Diz

Rey-González

et al. 2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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Many studies based on genetic diversity of North African populations have contributed to elucidate the modelling of the genetic landscape in this region. North Africa is considered as a distinct spatial-temporal entity on geographic, archaeological, and historical grounds, which has undergone the influence of different human migrations along its shaping. For instance, Libya, a North African country, was first inhabited by Berbers and then colonized by a variety of ethnic groups like Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and, in recent times, Italians. In this study, we contribute to clarify the genetic variation of Libya and consequently, of North African modern populations, by the study of Libyan male lineages. A total of 22 Y-chromosome-specific SNPs were genotyped in a sample of 175 Libyan males, allowing the characterization of 18 Y-chromosomal haplogroups. The obtained data revealed a predominant Northwest African component represented by haplogroup E-M81 (33.7%) followed by J(xJ1a,J2)-M304 (27.4%), which is postulated to have a Middle Eastern origin. The comparative study with other populations (∼5,400 individuals from North Africa, Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe) revealed a general genetic homogeneity among North African populations (FST = 5.3 %; P-value < 0.0001). Overall, the Y-haplogroup diversity in Libya and in North Africa is characterized by two genetic components. The first signature is typical of Berber-speaking people (E-M81), the autochthonous inhabitants, whereas the second is (J(xJ1a,J2)-M304), originating from Arabic populations. This is in agreement with the hypothesis of an Arabic expansion from the Middle East, shaping the North African genetic landscape.

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Human Alu Insertion Polymorphisms in North African Populations

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Distinctive genetic signatures of <i>Alu</i>/STR compound systems revealed by analyses of Mediterranean and Middle East populations

Distinctive genetic signatures of <i>Alu</i>/STR compound systems revealed by analyses of Mediterranean and Middle East populations

<i>Alu</i> insertion polymorphisms in four ethnic groups from northern Ivory Coast

Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y‐chromosome haplogroups

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