Human Adipose-Derived Pericytes: Biological Characterization and Reprogramming into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Ahmed, Toka A.; Shousha, Wafaa Gh.; Abdo, Sara M.; Mohamed, Ihab K.; El‐Badri, Nagwa

doi:10.33594/000000219

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…CD146 is known to be an endothelial/pericyte marker that acts as a receptor for angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) and has been implicated in promoting obesity by enhancing adipogenesis and lipogenesis [ 78 , 80 ]. Pericytes play a role in the development and maintenance of blood-vessel integrity, as well as the control of immune-cell-trafficking across the vessel walls [ 81 , 82 ]. The increased expression of a pericyte marker observed in this study indicated the remodeling of the vasculature at the capillary level, which may be one of the many factors responsible for the lipedema phenotype [ 78 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Implicated In the Pathogenesis Of Lipedemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges

2022

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Lipedema is an adipofascial disorder that almost exclusively affects women. Lipedema leads to chronic pain, swelling, and other discomforts due to the bilateral and asymmetrical expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Although various distinctive morphological characteristics, such as the hyperproliferation of fat cells, fibrosis, and inflammation, have been characterized in the progression of lipedema, the mechanisms underlying these changes have not yet been fully investigated. In addition, it is challenging to reduce the excessive fat in lipedema patients using conventional weight-loss techniques, such as lifestyle (diet and exercise) changes, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, lipedema patients also go through additional psychosocial distress in the absence of permanent treatment. Research to understand the pathology of lipedema is still in its infancy, but promising markers derived from exosome, cytokine, lipidomic, and metabolomic profiling studies suggest a condition distinct from obesity and lymphedema. Although genetics seems to be a substantial cause of lipedema, due to the small number of patients involved in such studies, the extrapolation of data at a broader scale is challenging. With the current lack of etiology-guided treatments for lipedema, the discovery of new promising biomarkers could provide potential solutions to combat this complex disease. This review aims to address the morphological phenotype of lipedema fat, as well as its unclear pathophysiology, with a primary emphasis on excessive interstitial fluid, extracellular matrix remodeling, and lymphatic and vasculature dysfunction. The potential mechanisms, genetic implications, and proposed biomarkers for lipedema are further discussed in detail. Finally, we mention the challenges related to lipedema and emphasize the prospects of technological interventions to benefit the lipedema community in the future.

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Section: Mechanisms Implicated In the Pathogenesis Of Lipedemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges

2022

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“…ASCs represent the most interesting population in the field of regenerative medicine, as they are involved in the maintenance of the tissue metabolic balance, angiogenesis, wound healing, and scar reparation [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] by also contributing, in synergy with pericytes and EPCs, to sustaining the capillaries of the vascular network [ 36 , 39 ]. Pericytes or perivascular cells retain strong differentiation and angiogenic potential, as recently discovered by Ahmed and colleagues [ 40 ], since they display similar characteristics to MSCs and are crucial for ECs’ survival, migration, and growth support [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. No other variations in terms of cellular concentrations or cellular viability were found in this study, suggesting that processing samples with a standardized GMP-compliant protocol could better characterize the biological parameters important for further use of these cells as ATMPs, as we have previously shown in a collaborative study [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Adipose Tissue Samples in a GMP Environment Standardizes the Use of SVF in Cell Therapy Treatments: Data on 302 Patients

Cremona,

Rusconi,

Ferrario

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, together with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are becoming the tool of choice for many clinical applications. Currently, nearly 200 clinical trials are running worldwide to prove the efficacy of this cell type in treating many diseases and pathological conditions. To reach the goals of cell therapies and produce ATMPs as drugs for regenerative medicine, it is necessary to properly standardize GMP processes and, thus, collection methods, transportation strategies, extraction protocols, and characterization procedures, without forgetting that all the tissues of the human body are characterized by a wide inter-individual variability which is genetically determined and acquired during life. Here, we compare 302 samples processed under GMP rules to exclude the influence of the operator and of the anatomical site of collection. The influence of variability in the ages and genders of patients, along with laboratory parameters such as total cell number, cell viability, stem cell number, and other stromal vascular fraction cell subpopulations, has been compared. The results show that when the laboratory protocol is standardized, the variability of quantifiable cell parameters is widely statistically non-significant, meaning that we can take a further step toward standardized advanced cell therapy products.

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“…The resulting MFAT product acts as an ideal scaffold of AT, containing growth factors and ASCs activated through mechanical forces. 30,62 Importantly, MFAT maintains the microvascular architecture necessary for optimal functioning of ASC paracrine properties. 63…”

Section: Isolation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autologous Fat Transfer in Craniofacial Surgery

Malisetyan,

Harrison,

Shahriari

et al. 2024

FACE

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Over the past two decades, autologous fat transfer has garnered significant recognition and widespread adoption within esthetic and reconstructive surgical domains. In craniofacial surgery, fat transplantation is frequently employed to address soft tissue volumetric deficiencies and asymmetries that influence facial contours. While adipose tissue (AT) is widely regarded as an optimal choice for augmentation due to its abundant availability and biocompatibility, the unpredictability and heightened resorption rates observed with traditional lipofilling techniques present a challenge for clinicians. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) housed within the grafted tissue play a pivotal role in graft survival and offer avenues for tissue repair due to their angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties. Micro Fragmentation of Adipose Tissue (MFAT), utilized in several FDA-approved processing devices, has demonstrated promising outcomes in treating osteoarthritic joints, with success primarily attributed to enhanced paracrine function of ASCs via preservation of the perivascular niche. Currently, its application for treating bone or articular defects in the craniofacial region, including abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint, remains limited. This scarcity underscores the need for further investigation prior to its widespread integration into clinical practice.

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Human Adipose-Derived Pericytes: Biological Characterization and Reprogramming into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract: This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission.

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges

Lipedema: Insights into Morphology, Pathophysiology, and Challenges

Processing Adipose Tissue Samples in a GMP Environment Standardizes the Use of SVF in Cell Therapy Treatments: Data on 302 Patients

Autologous Fat Transfer in Craniofacial Surgery

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