Human adenovirus type 8: The major agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)

Adhikary, Arun Kumar; Banik, Urmila

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2014.10.015

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Previously, an analysis of the molecular phylogeny of HAdV-B21 also showed that very closely related isolates of a monophyletic subtype were resolved as two genome types by REA, thus erroneously obscuring a monophyletic origin18. Epitope sequences of the hexon (neutralization epitope) and the fiber (hemagglutination inhibition epitope) of this study were highly conserved and thus also not helpful for molecular epidemiology, as already reported by a previous review14.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Moreover, there is a hint that HAdV-D8 strains closely related to the German epidemic HAdV-D8 strain circulated world-wide because two American sequences clustered with the German 2012/13 epidemic samples, although these American sequences were not assigned to either subcluster A or B. All these sequences were most closely related to the sequence of a Japanese isolate of the genome type 8e (#AB448769)414. This is the first study on molecular epidemiology of EKC analyzing complete genomic sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical adenovirus typing approaches such as epitope sequences and restriction enzyme analysis (REA) patterns can be deduced from complete genomic sequence data sets14. However, REA would lead to misleading results and conclusions compared to phylogenetic analysis of complete genomic sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny of a novel human adenovirus type 8 strain causing a prolonged, multi-state keratoconjunctivitis epidemic in Germany

Hage

Espelage

Eckmanns

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The German infectious disease surveillance system revealed an increase of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) from an average of 320 cases/year (2001 to 2010) up to 2146 and 1986 cases in 2012 and 2013, respectively. From November 2011 until December 2013 (epidemic period) 85% of typed isolates were human adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-D8), whereas only low level circulation (19%) of HAdV-D8 was observed outside the epidemic period. In order to investigate whether a novel monophyletic HAdV-D8 strain prevailed during the epidemic period, complete genomic sequences of 23 HAdV-D8 isolates were generated by deep sequencing and analyzed phylogenetically. For comparison, eight HAdV-D8 isolates from outside the epidemic period were sequenced. HAdV-D8 isolates of the epidemic period had a very high sequence identity of at least 99.9% and formed a monophyletic cluster with two subclusters. A single outlier was closely related to HAdV-D8 strains isolated prior to the epidemic period. Circulation of the epidemic strain was detected as early as 2010 but not after the epidemic period in 2014. In conclusion, molecular phylogeny of complete genomic sequences proved a monophyletic HAdV-D8 epidemic. However, co-circulation of other HAdV types as well as better reporting may have contributed to the huge increase of reported cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny of a novel human adenovirus type 8 strain causing a prolonged, multi-state keratoconjunctivitis epidemic in Germany

Hage

Espelage

Eckmanns

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…AdV-8 accounts for < 1% of AdV infections, 5,31,88,161 but is a common cause of EKC. 88,105,107,111,116,272,273 In four studies in Asia and the Middle East, AdV-8 accounted for 64 to 79% of EKC due to AdV. 105,106,109,117 In a neonatal intensive care unit in Turkey, cases of conjunctivitis due to AdV-8 were linked to a contaminated eyelid speculum.…”

Section: Adenovirus Serotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention

Lynch

Kajon

2016

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

382

178

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Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The disease is more severe and dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of AdV have been identified. Different serotypes display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant serotypes circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been conducted. Cidofovir is the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States, but currently are not available to civilians.

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“…As a common human pathogen HAdV is responsible for a variety of clinical diseases such as respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis [20–23]. HAdVs cause both short-term lytic infections, particularly in epithelial cells, and long-term persistent/latent infections in lymphoid cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profile of Epstein-Barr virus and human adenovirus small RNAs in tonsillar B and T lymphocytes

et al. 2017

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We have used high-throughput small RNA sequencing to characterize viral small RNA expression in purified tonsillar B and T lymphocytes isolated from patients tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human adenovirus (HAdV) infections, respectively. In the small set of patients analyzed, the expression profile of EBV and HAdV miRNAs could not distinguish between patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy or chronic/recurrent tonsillitis. The EBV miR-BART expression profile among the patients diagnosed with tonsillar diseases resembles most closely the pattern seen in EBV+ tumors (Latency II/I). The miR-BARTs that appear to be absent in normal EBV infected cells are essentially all detectable in the diseased tonsillar B lymphocytes. In the EBV+ B cells we detected 44 EBV miR-BARTs derived from the proposed BART precursor hairpins whereof five are not annotated in miRBase v21. One previously undetected miRNA, BART16b-5p, originates from the miR-BART16 precursor hairpin as an alternative 5´ miR-BART16 located precisely upstream of the annotated miR-BART16-5p. Further, our analysis revealed an extensive sequence variation among the EBV miRNAs with isomiRs having a constant 5´ end but alternative 3´ ends. A range of small RNAs was also detected from the terminal stem of the EBER RNAs and the 3´ part of v-snoRNA1. During a lytic HAdV infection in established cell lines the terminal stem of the viral non-coding VA RNAs are processed to highly abundant viral miRNAs (mivaRNAs). In contrast, mivaRNA expression in HAdV positive tonsillar T lymphocytes was very low. The small RNA profile further showed that the 5´ mivaRNA from VA RNAI and the 3´ mivaRNA from VA RNAII were as predicted, whereas the 3´ mivaRNA from VA RNAI showed an aberrant processing upstream of the expected Dicer cleavage site.

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Human adenovirus type 8: The major agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)

Cited by 31 publications

References 86 publications

Molecular phylogeny of a novel human adenovirus type 8 strain causing a prolonged, multi-state keratoconjunctivitis epidemic in Germany

Molecular phylogeny of a novel human adenovirus type 8 strain causing a prolonged, multi-state keratoconjunctivitis epidemic in Germany

Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention

Expression profile of Epstein-Barr virus and human adenovirus small RNAs in tonsillar B and T lymphocytes

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