Human Adenovirus Molecular Characterization in Various Water Environments and Seasonal Impacts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The regular monitoring of water environments is essential for preventing waterborne virus-mediated contamination and mitigating health concerns. We aimed to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) in the Wadi Hanifah (WH) and Wadi Namar (WN) lakes, King Saud University wastewater treatment plant (KSU-WWTP), Manfouha-WWTP, irrigation water (IW), and AnNazim landfill (ANLF) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HAdV hexon sequences were analyzed against 71 HAdV prototypes and investigated for seasonal influence. ANLF had the highest HAdV prevalence (83.3%). Remarkably, the F species of HAdV, especially serotype 41, predominated. Daily temperature ranges (22–45 °C and 10–33 °C) influenced the significance of the differences between the locations. The most significant relationship of ANLF and IW to WH and KSU-WWTP was found at the high-temperature range (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, WN was most correlated to ANLF at the low-temperature range (p < 0.0001). Seasonal influences on HAdV prevalence were insignificant despite HAdV’s high prevalence in autumn and winter months, favoring low temperatures (high: 22–25 °C, low: 14–17 °C) at five out of six locations. Our study provides insightful information on HAdV prevalence and the circulating strains that can address the knowledge gap in the environmental impacts of viruses and help control viral diseases in public health management.

Quantification of human enteric viruses as alternative indicators of fecal pollution to evaluate wastewater treatment processes

“…3 ) relative to the results of other assays make these target more representative for conducting comparisons with E. coli . This persistent presence is consistent with various longitudinal studies previously performed ( Ballesté et al, 2019 ; Farkas et al, 2018 ; Farkas et al, 2019 ; Hamza et al, 2019 ; Nour et al, 2021 ; Schmitz et al, 2016 ; Tandukar, Sherchan & Haramoto, 2020 ; Worley-Morse et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2020 ).…”

Quantitation of human enteric viruses as alternative indicators of fecal pollution to evaluate wastewater treatment processes

“…3 ) relative to the results of other assays make these target more representative for conducting comparisons with E. coli . This persistent presence is consistent with various longitudinal studies previously performed (Ballesté, et al, 2019; Farkas, et al, 2018; Farkas, et al, 2019; Hamza et al, 2019; Nour, et al, 2021; Schmitz et al, 2016; Tandukar et al, 2020; Worley□Morse et al, 2019).…”

Mastadenovirus Molecular Diversity in Waste and Environmental Waters from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

“…Since the HAdV genome is very stable and occurs in higher frequency and abundance in water when compared to other enteric viruses [1,14], the detection of HAdVs in many of the water samples studied was expected, especially in those corresponding to, or clearly contaminated with, residual water. Not surprisingly, the highest AdV hexon-sequence amplification rate was obtained for the WWTP influent samples when compared with the environmental ones used, corroborating previous studies where the presence of HAdV in untreated sewage was frequently disclosed [24,26,32,53,54].…”

“…Over time, several studies have reported the detection of HAdV in different water matrices, such as rivers [29,33,54,59,60], lakes [61], and beaches [62], as well as in wastewater samples collected in several geographical locations around the world [15,24,26,39,53,59], being HAdV-F41 one of the most commonly detected HAdV types [12,14,63]. In this study, both approaches allowed the identification of several HAdV types in LMA.…”