Hugo who? G. F. Arnold's alternative early approach to psychology and law

Abstract

Hugo Münsterberg is widely regarded as the founder of the discipline of psychology and law, and the publication of his book On the Witness Stand (1908) is considered the signal event in its founding. However, numerous other researchers were conducting and publishing research on psycholegal topics in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and at least one other book on psychology and law—G. F. Arnold's Psychology Applied to Legal Evidence and Other Constructions of Law (1906)—appeared prior to the publication of Münsterberg's work. The present paper contrasts these two seminal publications, focussing on their relevance to the ‘basic‐versus‐applied’ debate in contemporary eyewitness memory research and exploring reasons why Münsterberg has been so influential while Arnold has been largely ignored. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

“…This problem has resulted in a great deal of research over the last few decades (e.g., Wells 1978 ; see reviews by Gronlund and Carlson 2013 , and Wells et al 2006 ), and the study of eyewitness ID extends back much further (Arnold 1906 ; Münsterberg 1908 ). However, from the beginning there was a general lack of theoretical guidance (Bornstein and Penrod 2008 ; Gronlund and Benjamin 2018 ). This has resulted in calls for more eyewitness ID research undergirded by cognitive theory generally (e.g., Dianiska et al 2020 ; Lane and Meissner 2008 ), and signal detection theory specifically (SDT; Green and Swets 1966 ; Wixted and Mickes 2012 ).…”

Görgü Tanığı Belleği Araştırmaları ve Yasal Uygulamalar: Tarihsel Bir Bakış

“…Sporer, 2008). Stern, bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların yayınlanmasını teşvik etmek amacıyla "Tanık Psikolojisine Katkılar" [Contributions to the Psychology of Testimony] isimli bilimsel bir dergi kurmuş ve tanık psikolojisi konularına derslerinde yer vermiştir (Bornstein & Penrod, 2008). Yaptığı deneysel çalışmalarla, olay ve hatırlama arasında geçen süre ile tanık belleğinin doğruluğu arasındaki negatif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir.…”