Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Karies Dentis pada Ibu Hamil di Posyandu Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract

Abstrak
 Masa kehamilan merupakan masa perubahan fisiologis dan fisik tubuh termasuk rongga mulut, sementara pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih relatif rendah. Perubahan rongga mulut pada ibu hamil antara lain meningkatnya resiko karies gigi, gingivitis dan penyakit periodontal, masih kurang diperhatikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta karies dentis pada ibu hamil di Posyandu. Pengambilan subyek penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yaitu ibu hamil tanpa adanya riwayat penyakit sistemik dan berada di posyandu wilayah Baiturrahman kota Banda Aceh ketika dilakukan pengumpulan data. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pembagian kuisioner disertai pemeriksaan kondisi gigi menggunakan indeks DMF-T pada subyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pentingnya kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih kurang, hasil pemeriksaan DMF-T menunjukkan skor 6,9 (kategori sangat tinggi) dengan ditemukan karies gigi (decay) pada seluruh ibu hamil. Sejumlah 65% subyek penelitian mengaku tidak mendapat edukasi dari dokter kandungannya tentang kesehatan rongga mulut dan hubungannya dengan kehamilan. Berdasarkan uji korelasi menggunakan Pearson test disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif (p=0,001) antara tingkat pengetahuan dan status karies pada ibu hamil, makin rendah pengetahuan ibu hamil maka makin tinggi status karies pada ibu hamil.
 Kata kunci: ibu hamil, pengetahuan, karies dentis
 Abstract
 Pregnancy is a period of physiological and physical changes in the body including oral cavity, while knowledge of pregnant women about maintaining dental and oral health is still relatively low. Changes in the oral cavity in pregnant women include increases risk of dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal diseases that are less noticed. Purpose of study was to determine level of knowledge about oral health and dental caries of pregnant women at integrated Service Post. Subject of research was taken by purposive sampling technique that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely pregnant women without a history of systemic disease and was in the posyandu in the Baiturrahman area of Banda Aceh city when data collection was carried out. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires along with examination of dental conditions using index DMF-T in the subjects. Results of this study indicate level of knowledge of pregnant women about the importance of dental and oral health is still lacking, results of DMF-T examination which is 6.9 (very high category) found dental caries (decay) in all subjects. 65% of subjects said that they did not get education from their obstetricians about the health of the oral cavity and its relationship to pregnancy. Based on the correlation test using Pearson test concluded there was a significant negative relationship (p = 0.001) between knowledge levels and caries status in pregnant women, the lower knowledge of pregnant women had low knowledge, in fact their caries status was high.
 Keywords: pregnant women, knowledge, dental caries

Dental Caries Status of Pregnant Women in the Work Area of Cibeunying Health Center Bandung District

“…Lack of awareness of dental and oral health can occur due to lack of public knowledge about dental and oral health during pregnancy. 2,[6][7][8] Pregnant women do not know that pregnancy can experience changes in almost all organs of the body during the fetus in the womb, including the oral cavity caused by hormones. 6.8 Pregnant women experience changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone as well as mechanical pressure from the enlargement of the uterus from other organs, which results in changes in conditions such as nausea and vomiting so that the condition of the oral cavity becomes acidic and can cause damage such as caries.…”

“…6.8 Pregnant women experience changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone as well as mechanical pressure from the enlargement of the uterus from other organs, which results in changes in conditions such as nausea and vomiting so that the condition of the oral cavity becomes acidic and can cause damage such as caries. [6][7][8] Pregnant women who have problematic oral health will have a negative impact on pregnancy and fetal development. 4.9 Kumar and Semelson (2006) stated that pregnant women who have caries cause an increase in the number of bacteria in the oral cavity.…”