Hubungan status gizi dan morbiditas balita pada desa lokus dan non lokus di 13 kabupaten lokus stunting di Indonesia tahun 2019

Abstract

Abstrak
 Latar Belakang: Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) dan diare masih menjadi penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas balita yang signifikan di seluruh dunia. Selain itu, permasalahan gizi juga masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan di tingkat global meskipun telah prevalensi permasalahn gizi telah cukup mengalami penurunan selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Adanya malnutrisi akan meningkatkan peluang terjadinya morbiditas pada anak termasuk diare dan ISPA. 
 Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan status gizi dengan kesakitan pada balita di 13 kabupaten lokus stunting di Indonesia. 
 Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang dan dilakukan melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dan dilaksanakan di 13 kabupaten lokus stunting. Outcome penelitian ini adalah morbiditas balita yang dinilai menggunakan ISPA dan diare. Status gizi yang dipakai adalah stunting, wasting dan underweight. Selain itu penelitian ini juga memasukkan variabel konfounding berupa faktor keluarga, ibu dan anak.
 Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa stunting, wasting dan underweight tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian ISPA dan diare. Hal ini dapat disebabkan metode pengukuran morbiditas melalui metode mengingat. Sedangkan sumber air minum yang tidak layak akan meningkatkan peluang terjadinya ISPA dan diare. 
 Kesimpulan: Stunting, wasting dan underweight secara statistik tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan morbiditas diare dan ISPA pada balita. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada penelitian lebih lanjut terkait hubungan status gizi dan morbiditas balita menggunakan metode pengukuran morbiditas yang lebih baik.
 Kata Kunci: status gizi, stunting, wasting, underweight, morbiditas
 
 Abstract
 Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea are still significant causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality in children under five. In addition, nutritional problems are still a health problem at the global level, even though the prevalence of nutritional problems has decreased considerably over the last few years. The presence of malnutrition will increase the chance of morbidity in children, including diarrhea and ARI.
 Objective: This study examines the relationship between nutritional status and morbidity in children under five in 13 stunting locus districts in Indonesia.
 Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was carried out through a quantitative approach in 13 stunting locus districts. The outcome of this study was children under five morbidities, assessed using ARI and diarrhea. The nutritional status used is stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, this study also includes confounding variables including household, maternal and child factors.
 Results: This study found that stunting, wasting and being underweight did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of ARI and diarrhea. This can be due to the method of measuring morbidity through remembering. Meanwhile, drinking water sources that are not proper will increase the chances of ARI and diarrhea.
 Conclusion: Stunting, wasting and being underweight statistically do not significantly associate with diarrhea and ARI in children under five. Therefore, further research on the relationship between nutritional status and morbidity of children under five needs to be conducted using a better method of measuring morbidity.
 Keyword: nutrition status, stunting, wasting, underweight, morbidity