Hubungan obstructive sleep apnea dengan penyakit sistem kardiovaskuler

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by periodic upper airway collapse during sleep, which could result in either apnea, hypopnea or both. OSA is very often undetected but it is strongly associated with variety of medical complication, among others cardiovascular diseases.Purpose: To inform ENT specialists about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of OSA and its complications. Literature review: Recent data from several studies has documented the association between OSA and cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, heart failure, arrhytmia and atherosclerosis. The undetectable cardiovascular complication that lead by OSA could make the management of cardiovascular disorders uneffective. Conclusion: A good understanding can help physicians to diagnose, manage and prevent cardiovascular complication that caused by OSA. Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, apnea, hipopnea, cardiovascular disease Abstrak : Latar belakang: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) adalah suatu penyakit yang ditandai dengan peristiwa kolapsnya saluran napas bagian atas secara periodik pada saat tidur yang mengakibatkan apnea, hipopnea atau keduanya. Gejala klinis OSA sering tidak terdeteksi, namun diduga dapat meningkatkan risiko berbagai macam komplikasi medis antara lain kelainan kardiovaskuler. Tujuan: Agar para ahli THT dapat mengerti mengenai patogenesis dan patofisiologi OSA dan komplikasinya. Tinjauan pustaka: Beberapa penelitian telah menyatakan tentang adanya hubungan antara OSA dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler seperti hipertensi, gagal jantung, aritmia dan arteriosklerosis. Patofisiologi OSA pada komplikasi kardiovaskuler yang sulit dideteksi dapat menyebabkan penatalaksanaan penyakit kardiovaskuler menjadi kurang efektif. Kesimpulan:Pemahaman yang baik dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis dan melakukan tatalaksana yang tepat untuk mencegah komplikasi kardiovaskuler yang berhubungan dengan OSA.Kata kunci: obstructive sleep apnea, apnea, hipopnea, penyakit kardiovaskuler

Friedman Tongue Position with the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) Correlation on Patient with Ischemic Stroke

“…[15][16][17] Obesity can alter the volume and shape of the anatomy of the tongue so that the tongue raises that will ultimately reduce the volume of the upper respiratory tract. 13 Based on the results of the study revealed that the likelihood of obesity could worsen OSA because of fat deposits on the specific location. The buildup of fat in the tissue around the airway the top producing lumen airway smaller and improvement of collapsibility of the upper respiratory tract, so that contribute to the onset of apnea.…”

“…OSA is the state of occurrence of upper airway obstruction periodically during sleep that causes intermittent breath stop, either complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea). 13 Obesity is a risk factor for going to his various diseases in developing countries and the developing countries, for example, the disease due to obesity, such as type II DM, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obstruction sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). 14 A variety of methods can be used to find out the Anthropometry happened his obesity; these methods include measurement of BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumference, and circumference of the neck.…”

“…The enlargement of the tongue can cause occlusion of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, causing airflow cessation although respiratory process continue while sleeping. 24 The tongue is an essential anatomical structure in obstructive sleep apnea patients so that evaluation of the tongue is vital for predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. 25 Soft palate, tonsil, and base of the tongue is the main component in the oropharynx and hypopharynx.…”

Indeks Masa Tubuh Terhadap Risiko Terjadinya Obstructive Sleep Apnea pada Lansia: Studi Observasional

“…OSA merupakan sindrom pernapasan gangguan tidur dimana episode abnormal frekuensi pernapasan dikaitkan dengan penyempitan periodik saluran udara bagian atas selama tidur, yang mengakibatkan henti napas intermiten, baik penurunan ventilasi sebagian (hypopnea) atau penghentian pernapasan total (apnea). 4 Faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya OSA seperti usia, lingkar leher, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, jenis kelamin, dan obesitas. Obesitas menjadi salah satu risiko utama lansia mengalami OSA.…”