Hubungan antara Proteinuria dan Hipoalbuminemia pada Anak dengan Sindrom Nefrotik yang Dirawat di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2009-2012

Abstract

AbstrakSindrom nefrotik terdiri dari proteinuria massif, hipoalbuminemia, edema, serta dapat disertai hiperkolesterolemia. Proteinuria merupakan gejala utama pada sindrom nefrotik, sedangkan gejala klinis lainnya dianggap sebagai manifestasi sekunder. Kehilangan protein melalui urin menyebabkan terjadinya hipoalbuminemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara proteinuria dan hipoalbuminemia pada anak dengan sindrom nefrotik. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi retrospektif dengan desain Cross Sectional. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik pasien yang didiagnosis sebagai Sindrom Nefrotik Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2009 - April 2012. Penelitian berlangsung dari Oktober 2011- Desember 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukan insiden tertinggi sindrom nefrotik pada kelompok umur >6 tahun terutama pada anak laki-laki dengan rasio 1,43:1. Sebagian besar pasien memiliki kadar protein urin semikuantitatif +3 dengan rata-rata kadar protein urin kuantitatif 3,121 ± 2,157 gr/24 jam. Hampir seluruh pasien mengalami hipoalbuminemia (98,2%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara proteinuria dan hipoalbuminemia (p > 0.05). Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh jumlah subjek yang kurang, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan berlangsung lebih lama agar didapatkan jumlah subjek yang lebih besar.Kata kunci: Anak dengan sindrom nefrotik, Proteinuria, HipoalbuminemiaAbstractNephrotic syndrome consist of massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and may be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Proteinuria is a major symptom of nephrotic syndrome, while the other clinical symptoms considered secondary manifestations. Loss of protein in the urine leads to hypoalbuminemia. This study aims to identify the relationship between proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia in children with Nephrotic Syndrome. Method of this research performed a retrospective study with cross sectional design. Secondary data were taken from medical record of patients that were diagnosed as Nephrotic Syndrome Children in General Hospital Dr. M. Djamil Padang period January 2009 - April 2012. The study was held on October 2011 - December 2012. The result of this study showed that the highest incidence of Nephrotic Syndrome in the age group >6 years old especially in male with the ratio 1,43:1. Most of patients have levels of semiquantitative urinary protein +3 with average levels of quantitative urinary protein 3.121 ± 2.157 gr/24 hours. Almost all of the patients had hypoalbuminemia (98.2%). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia (p> 0.05). This may be due to the less number of subjects, so further research is expected to last much longer in order to have a larger number of subjects.Keywords:Nephrotic syndrome children, Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminemia

Blood Pressure Differences in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients with Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Patients and Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

“…NS in children is the most commonly found disease of the child's kidneys [10], [11]. NS is a clinical syndrome with symptoms of massive proteinuria (≥40 mg/m 2 LPB/h or protein/creatinine ratio in urine while >2 mg/mg or dipstick ≥2+), hypoalbuminemia ≤2.5 g/dL, edema, and can be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia [2].…”

“…Diagnosis of NS in patients under 1 year and above 8 years of NS should be performed renal biopsy before obtaining immunosuppressive therapy including steroids, because at this age the incidence of NS is an idiopathic type [8]. About 50% of children affected by NS are 1 year 6 months to 5 years old; 75% are younger than 10 years old [11], [12]. This was different in our study where the median age in this study was found at age 10 in the SRNS group and the average age of 12.5 years in the SSNS group.…”

AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA DARI SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

“…Sekitar 47,3% penderita sindrom nefrotik memiliki proteinuria  3+ dan 52,7% memiliki proteinuria <3+ [29]. Sekitar 71,4% penderita sindrom nefrotik lebih banyak memiliki proteinuria 3+, diikuti proteinuria 2+ sebanyak 25% dan proteinuria 1+ sebanyak 3,6% [32]. Proteinuria memicu terjadinya penurunan kadar albumin atau yang disebut hipoalbuminemia.…”