Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Melewatkan Sarapan, Konsumsi Sayur Buah dan Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Aktivitas Sedentary dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih

Abstract

Abstrak 
 Latar belakang: Peningkatan kejadian gizi lebih remaja karena penurunan aktivitas fisik dan peningkatan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung lemak dan karbohidrat tinggi di mana makanan tersebut memiliki nilai gizi rendah. Indonesia termasuk 10 negara dengan prevalensi kelebihan gizi terbesar di dunia. Salah satu provinsi yang mengalami gizi lebih melebihi prevalensi gizi lebih adalah Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian gizi lebih remaja di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKes) Mitra Keluarga Bekasi. 
 Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, dengan variabel independen kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan, konsumsi sayur dan buah, konsumsi fast food, aktivitas fisik, dan aktivitas sedentary. Sedangkan variabel dependennya status gizi lebih dengan indikator IMT ≥ 23 kg/m2 . Populasi studi meliputi 450 mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi berusia 17-20 tahun. Data dikumpulkan pada Juni-Juli 2020 dengan sampel sebanyak 215 responden yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan regresi logistik sederhana. 
 Hasil: Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (95,3%), berusia 19 tahun (46,0%) dan program studi SI-Keperawatan (32,6%). Hasil uji regresi logistik mendapatkan p-value pada tiap variabel yaitu kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan (0,353), konsumsi sayur (0,721), konsumsi buah (0,853), konsumsi fast food (0,867), aktivitas fisik (0,828), aktivitas sedentary sedang (0,734), aktivitas sedentary berat (0,090).
 Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan, konsumsi sayur buah, konsumsi fast food, aktivitas fisik serta aktivitas sedentary tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada mahasiswa STIKes Mitra Keluarga. 
 Relationship Between the Habits of Skipped Breakfast, Consumption of Vegetables Fruits and Fast Food, Physical Activities, Sedentary Activities with Overnutrition 
 Abstract 
 Background: The increase in the incidence of overnutrition in adolescence due to decreased physical activity and increased consumption of foods with high in fat and high in carbohydrates, which these foods have low nutritional value. Indonesia is one of the 10 countries with the highest prevalence of overweight in the world. One of the provinces experiencing overnutrition above the prevalence of overnutrition in Indonesia is West Java. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of overnutrition in STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi. 
 Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The independent variable was habit of skipping breakfast, consumption of vegetables, fruits, consumption of fast food, physical activity, sedentary activity, while the dependent variable was over nutritional status with BMI indicators ≥ 23 kg / m2 . The study population was 450 STIKes Mitra Keluarga Bekasi students aged 17-20 years. Data collection was carried out in June-July 2020 with a sample of 215 respondents who were selected by consecutive sampling. To determine the relationship between the two variables studied, the data were analyzed using a Simple Logistic Regression test. 
 Result: Most of the respondents were female (95.3%), 19 years old (46.0%), SI-Nursing study program (32.6%). Simple Logistic Regression test results obtain p-value for each variable is the habit of skipping breakfast (0.353), vegetables consumption (0.721), fruits consumption (0.853), fast food consumption (0.867), physical activity (0.828), moderate sedentary activity (0.734), and heavy sedentary activity (0.090). 
 Conclusion: There is no relationship between the habit of skipping breakfast, consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fast food, physical activity and sedentary activity with overnutrition in STIKes Mitra Keluarga students.

The Relationship Between Consumption of Vegetables, Fruits, and Breakfast with the Incidence of Overweight in Students

“…The regularity and components of breakfast were not significantly associated with the incidence of overweight in students. In line with the results in this study, Noerfitri et al (28) said that breakfast consumption did not provide a significant relationship with the incidence of overweight status. Breakfast is not a factor that directly affects a person's overweight, but skipping breakfast tends to increase the intake of fatty foods at the next meal (46).…”

“…This correlates with data on the prevalence of overweight in the student age group (20-24 years) which is only the last third contributor to the incidence of overweight status in Indonesia. Noerfitri et al (28) stated that vegetable consumption has no relationship with the incidence of overweight, there are other factors such as nutritional knowledge, excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, negative body image, and gender that affect overweight status. Awaliya et al (29) added that the frequency of vegetable consumption had a significant relationship with the incidence of overweight.…”

Frekuensi Pembelian Makanan Online, Konsumsi Fast Food, dan Sedentary Lifestyle dengan Status Gizi Mahasiswa Gizi UPNVJ

“…Hal tersebut serupa dengan hasil penelitian Noerfitri et al (2021) yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara aktivitas sedentari dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada mahasiswa dimana mahasiswa yang memiliki status gizi lebih terdapat 45,5% mahasiswa aktivitas sedentarinya ringan, 38% mahasiswa aktivitas sedentarnya sedang, dan 30,2% mahasiswa aktivitas sedentarinya berat. Menurut Noerfitri…”

Gambaran Pola Makan Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Gizi di Kepulauan Riau

“…Semakin tinggi serat yang dikonsumsi, maka akan semakin rendah risiko untuk terjadinya gizi lebih. Kurangnya konsumsi sayur tidak dapat dijadikan faktor tunggal penyebab terjadinya permasalahan gizi lebih, ada faktor lain yang berdampak terhadap kejadian gizi lebih diantaranya pengetahuan gizi, berlebihnya asupan makanan, rendahnya aktifitas fisik, body image negative, dan jenis kelamin (Noerfitri et al, 2021) Buah-Buahan…”