Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera observations of ARP 220

Shaya, E.; Dowling, D. M.; Currie, D. G.; Faber, S. M.; Groth, Edward J.

doi:10.1086/116976

Cited by 40 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…We hereafter refer to them as clusters. The brightest of these clusters (1, 2, and 4) are seen in the visible band HST imaging of Shaya et al (1994), and they are also clearly seen in subsequent I-band HST imaging (Borne & Lucas 1997).…”

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confidence: 89%

NICMOS Imaging of the Nuclei of Arp 220

Scoville

Evans

Dinshaw

et al. 1998

The Astrophysical Journal

112

187

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We report high-resolution imaging of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220 at 1.1, 1.6, and 2.22 mm with the Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrometer on the Hubble Space Telescope. The diffraction-limited images at 0Љ .1-0Љ .2 resolution clearly resolve both nuclei of the merging galaxy system and reveal for the first time a number of luminous star clusters in the circumnuclear envelope. The morphologies of both nuclei are strongly affected by dust obscuration, even at 2.2 mm: the primary nucleus (west) presents a crescent shape, concave to the south, and the secondary (eastern) nucleus is bifurcated by a dust lane with the southern component being very reddened. In the western nucleus, the morphology of the 2.2 mm emission is most likely the result of obscuration by an opaque disk embedded in the nuclear star cluster. The morphology of the central starburst cluster in the western nucleus is consistent with either a circumnuclear ring of star formation or a spherical cluster with the bottom half obscured by the embedded dust disk. Comparison of centimeter-wave radio continuum maps with the near-infrared images suggests that the radio nuclei lie in the dust disk on the west and near the highly reddened southern component of the eastern complex. The radio nuclei are separated by 0Љ .98 (corresponding to 364 pc at 77 Mpc), and the half-widths of the infrared nuclei are ∼0Љ .2-0Љ .5. At least eight unresolved infrared sources-probably globular clusters-are also seen in the circumnuclear envelope at radii of 2Љ-7Љ. Their nearinfrared colors do not significantly constrain their ages.

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confidence: 89%

NICMOS Imaging of the Nuclei of Arp 220

Scoville

Evans

Dinshaw

et al. 1998

The Astrophysical Journal

112

187

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“…Observations show that starbursts indeed occur in regions where the gas densities are the highest, typically in the cores (e.g., Arp 220; Shaya et al 1994) and in circumnuclear starburst regions (e.g., VV 114; Scoville et al 2000). Stars may form in large complexes having total stellar masses of $10 7 Y10 9 M and containing several tens to hundreds of SSCs, as well as smaller star clusters.…”

Section: Triggering Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hubble Space TelescopeMorphologies of Local Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs. I. Evidence for Starbursts Triggered by Merging

Overzier

Heckman

Kauffmann

et al. 2008

ApJ

127

165

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Heckman and coworkers used the GALEX UV imaging survey to show that there exists a rare population of nearby compact UV-luminous galaxies (UVLGs) that closely resemble high-redshift Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). We present HST images in the UV, optical, and H and resimulate them at the depth and resolution of the GOODS/UDF fields to show that the morphologies of UVLGs are also similar to those of LBGs. Our sample of eight LBG analogs thus provides detailed insight into the connection between star formation and LBG morphology. Faint tidal features or companions can be seen in all of the rest-frame optical images, suggesting that the starbursts are the result of a merger or interaction. The UV/optical light is dominated by unresolved ($100Y300 pc) super starburst regions (SSBs). A detailed comparison with the galaxies Haro 11 and VV 114 at z ¼ 0:02 indicates that the SSBs themselves consist of diffuse stars and (super) star clusters. The structural features revealed by the new HST images occur on very small physical scales and are thus not detectable in images of high-redshift LBGs, except in a few cases where they are magnified by gravitational lensing. We propose, therefore, that LBGs are mergers of gas-rich, relatively low-mass (M Ã $ 10 10 M ) systems, and that the mergers trigger the formation of SSBs. If galaxies at high redshifts are dominated by SSBs, then the faint-end slope of the luminosity function is predicted to have slope $ 2. Our results are the most direct confirmation to date of models that predict that the main mode of star formation in the early universe was highly collisional.

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“…The first observations of Arp 220 with the Hubble Space Telescope identified eight compact objects, of which the two brightest were suggested to be massive associations of young stars (Shaya et al 1994). Near-infrared observations by Scoville et al (1998) identified eight bright star cluster candidates in Arp 220.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Populations of Young Massive Star Clusters in Arp 220

Wilson

Harris

Longden

et al. 2006

ApJ

103

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We present new optical observations of young massive star clusters in Arp 220, the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy, taken in UBVI with the Hubble Space Telescope ACS HRC camera. We find a total of 206 probable clusters whose spatial distribution is centrally concentrated toward the nucleus of Arp 220. We use model star cluster tracks to determine ages, luminosities, and masses for 14 clusters with complete UBVI indices or previously published nearinfrared data. We estimate rough masses for 24 additional clusters with I < 24 mag from BVI indices alone. The clusters with useful ages fall into two distinct groups: a ''young'' population (<10 Myr) and an intermediate-age population ('300 Myr). There are many clusters with masses clearly above 10 6 M and possibly even above 10 7 M in the most extreme instances. These masses are high enough that the clusters being formed in the Arp 220 starburst can be considered to be genuine young globular clusters. In addition, this study allows us to extend the observed correlation between global star formation rate and maximum cluster luminosity by more than 1 order of magnitude in star formation rate.

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Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera observations of ARP 220

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

NICMOS Imaging of the Nuclei of Arp 220

NICMOS Imaging of the Nuclei of Arp 220

Hubble Space TelescopeMorphologies of Local Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs. I. Evidence for Starbursts Triggered by Merging

Two Populations of Young Massive Star Clusters in Arp 220

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