“…Finally, we consider dynamic routes to connect satellites to PT connections as opposed to static routing decisions that disregard uncertainties in demand and capacity. Some of these extensions are individually investigated in the hub network design literature (Yaman, Kara, and Tansel 2007, Alumur, Kara, and Karasan 2009, Yang 2009 Laporte 2011, Yıldız, Yaman, and Karas ¸an 2021, Bayram, Yıldız, and Farham 2022). However, to the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to consider all these extensions together.…”