Huanglongbing: Devastating Disease of Citrus

McCollum, Greg; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1002/9781119281269.ch7

Cited by 35 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…We have recently shown that β-caryophyllene emitted by either a transgenic Arabidopsis line or a chemical dispenser repels Diaphorina citri (Alquézar et al, 2017 ). Then, the use of β-caryophyllene synthase genes identified in this work could allow the generation of cisgenic citrus cultivars potentially less attractive to this psyllid insect, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter species causing HLB, nowadays the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide (McCollum and Baldwin, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis

et al. 2017

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Citrus aroma and flavor, chief traits of fruit quality, are derived from their high content in essential oils of most plant tissues, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. Accumulated in secretory cavities, most components of these oils are volatile terpenes. They contribute to defense against herbivores and pathogens, and perhaps also protect tissues against abiotic stress. In spite of their importance, our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic regulation of citrus terpene volatiles is still limited. The availability of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) genome sequence allowed us to characterize for the first time the terpene synthase (TPS) family in a citrus type. CsTPS is one of the largest angiosperm TPS families characterized so far, formed by 95 loci from which just 55 encode for putative functional TPSs. All TPS angiosperm families, TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e/f, and TPS-g were represented in the sweet orange genome, with 28, 18, 2, 2, and 5 putative full length genes each. Additionally, sweet orange β-farnesene synthase, (Z)-β-cubebene/α-copaene synthase, two β-caryophyllene synthases, and three multiproduct enzymes yielding β-cadinene/α-copaene, β-elemene, and β-cadinene/ledene/allo-aromandendrene as major products were identified, and functionally characterized via in vivo recombinant Escherichia coli assays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis

et al. 2017

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“…HLB-affected leaves can be normal-sized or small, developing a pattern of yellow and green areas lacking clear limits between the colors, giving a “blotchy mottle” appearance [ 40 ]. The chlorotic patterns are asymmetrical on the two halves of the citrus leaf [ 12 ] and resemble those induced by nutritional deficiencies such as zinc deficiency [ 22 , 37 , 40 , 41 ]. Nevertheless, HLB symptoms usually occur on a single branch and subsequently extend randomly in the tree canopy over several years, whereas zinc deficiency usually appears uniformly throughout the canopy.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Huanglongbingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Premature HLB-induced fruit drop ( Figure 1 E) is a major economic symptom resulting in excessive yield reduction [ 40 ]. Furthermore, most of the HLB-symptomatic fruits do not make it to processing due to premature HLB-induced fruit drop or their elimination by sizing machines [ 37 , 42 ]. Nevertheless, fruits from heavily HLB-infected trees taste bitter and contain lower levels of soluble acids with reduced weight and juice content.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Huanglongbingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Juice from HLB-infected fruit often has a lower sugar content, higher acid content, and more of the bitter flavonoids limonin and nomilin, which all contribute to bitter, off-flavor traits in juice. However, some of these fruits enter the processing stream because there are not unhealthy enough or have normal-sized fruits [ 37 , 42 ].…”

Section: Symptoms Of Huanglongbingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American form is presumptively closer to the Asian form in its symptom expression and severity; however, it appeared to be heat intolerant, similar to the African form [ 34 ]. Generally, HLB symptoms are more apparent during cooler seasons as compared with symptoms in warmer ones [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Complex Pathosystem of Huanglongbing: Deciphering the Role of Citrus Metabolites in Symptom Development

Nehela

Killiny

2020

Metabolites

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Huanglongbing (HLB), formerly known as citrus greening disease, is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases in citrus worldwide. HLB is caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ bacterium and transmitted by Diaphorina citri. Both ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and its vector manipulate the host metabolism to fulfill their nutritional needs and/or to neutralize the host defense responses. Herein, we discuss the history of HLB and the complexity of its pathosystem as well as the geographical distribution of its pathogens and vectors. Recently, our recognition of physiological events associated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection and/or D. citri-infestation has greatly improved. However, the roles of citrus metabolites in the development of HLB symptoms are still unclear. We believe that symptom development of HLB disease is a complicated process and relies on a multilayered metabolic network which is mainly regulated by phytohormones. Citrus metabolites play vital roles in the development of HLB symptoms through the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism, phytohormone homeostasis, antioxidant pathways, or via the interaction with other metabolic pathways, particularly involving amino acids, leaf pigments, and polyamines. Understanding how ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and its vector, D. citri, affect the metabolic pathways of their host is critical for developing novel, sustainable strategies for HLB management.

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Establishing Vanilla Production and a Vanilla Breeding Program in the Southern United States

2018

Handbook of Vanilla Science and Technology

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Huanglongbing: Devastating Disease of Citrus

Cited by 35 publications

References 103 publications

Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis

Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis

Revisiting the Complex Pathosystem of Huanglongbing: Deciphering the Role of Citrus Metabolites in Symptom Development

Establishing Vanilla Production and a Vanilla Breeding Program in the Southern United States

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