Huanglongbing: An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus

Graça, J. V. da; Douhan, Greg W.; Halbert, Susan E.; Keremane, Manjunath L.; Lee, Richard F.; Vidalakis, Georgios; Zhao, Hongwei

doi:10.1111/jipb.12437

Cited by 245 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The ability of Las to manipulate the plant's production of ATP to create a nutrient-rich environment, thus fueling the bacteria itself, may have evolved from the closeassociation that Las has formed with citrus over the past 100 years. 62 In support of this conclusion is the fact that Las deploys effectors that target the mitochondria 35 and chloroplast. 36 Las also possesses a functional ATP translocase that would allow the importation of ATP directly from its eukaryotic host, similar to other obligate intercellular parasites like Rickettsia prowazeki.…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

“…This implies that Las PAMPs may possibly be relocated to the cell surface during the course of infection. 62 Even the long and variable incubation period associated with HLB symptoms suggests that the plants are fighting the disease, 62 however, an effective immune response has yet to evolve, 2 as no resistant citrus seedling trees or scion-rootstock combinations have been identified.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H2O2 in citrus plants in response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection

2017

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Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is a fastidious, phloem-restricted pathogen with a significantly reduced genome, and attacks all citrus species with no immune cultivars documented to date. Like other plant bacterial pathogens, Las deploys effector proteins into the organelles of plant cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts to manipulate host immunity and physiology. These organelles are responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and have a critical role in plant immune signaling during hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production. In this study, we investigated H 2 O 2 and ATP accumulation in relation to citrus huanglongbing (HLB) in addition to revealing the expression profiles of genes critical for the production and detoxification of H 2 O 2 and ATP synthesis. We also found that as ATP and H 2 O 2 concentrations increased in the leaf, so did the severity of the HLB symptoms, a trend that remained consistent among the four different citrus varieties tested. Furthermore, the upregulation of ATP synthase, a key enzyme for energy conversion, may contribute to the accumulation of ATP in infected tissues, whereas downregulation of the H 2 O 2 detoxification system may cause oxidative damage to plant macromolecules and cell structures. This may explain the cause of some of the HLB symptoms such as chlorosis or leaf discoloration. The findings in this study highlight important molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in the host plants' response to Las infection and provide new targets for interrupting the disease cycle.

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H2O2 in citrus plants in response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection

2017

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“…The bacteria colonise and propagate in the psyllids and may be transmitted transovarially from the infected female to the offspring or by sexual transmission (Mann et al, 2011). The bacterium can be detected in the vector months before visual symptoms have been expressed in infected trees (da Graça et al, 2016). The bacterium can be detected in the vector months before visual symptoms have been expressed in infected trees (da Graça et al, 2016).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pest survey card on Huanglongbing and its vectors

Parnell¹,

Camilleri²,

Diakaki³

et al. 2019

EFSA Supporting Publications

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This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M-2017-0137), upon request by the European Commission. The purpose of this document is to assist the Member States in planning annual survey activities of quarantine organisms using a statistically sound and risk-based pest survey approach, in line with the current international standards. The data requirements for such activity include the pest distribution, its host range, its biology, risk factors as well as available detection and identification methods. This document is part of a toolkit that consists of pest-specific documents, such as the pest survey cards and generic documents relevant for all pests to be surveyed, including, the general survey guidelines and statistical software such as RiBESS+.

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“…We will omit these areas of investigation from the discussion enclosed herein, as there are several excellent reviews already available [Arredondo Valdés et al, 2016;Bové, 2006;Gottwald, 2010;da Graça et al, 2016;GraftonCardwell et al, 2013;Halbert and Manjunath, 2004;Wang et al, 2017;Wang and Trivedi, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Physiology of <b><i>Liberibacter asiaticus</i></b>: An Overview of the Demonstrated Molecular Mechanisms

Coyle¹,

Lorca²,

González³

2018

Microb Physiol

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Citrus greening disease, or huanglongbing, may entirely eradicate all varieties of citrus cultivars worldwide in the near future. This disease is caused by non-cultivable bacteria of the genus Liberibacter; among them, the more pathogenic being Liberibacter asiaticus. The complexity of the host–pathogen relationship, associated with the impossibility of performing research using axenic cultures, has severely hindered the basic research on microbiology. Since its genome sequence was published in 2009, most of the scientific publications in the field were dedicated to in silico analysis and selection of targets to design early detection methods. The knowledge gained with these approaches felt short to articulate effective methods to control the disease progression. There is a critical need to understand the basic biology of bacteria to design effective strategies to inactivate central mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the scientific progress made by studying L. asiaticus’ biology through direct experimentation. The evidence collected thus far is not enough to understand L. asiaticus’ fundamental biology. It is imperiously necessary to increase the basic research to identify relevant biological clues to control citrus greening. The gained knowledge may also help to prevent potential catastrophic diseases in other crops of significant importance caused by other unculturable Liberibacter species.

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Huanglongbing: An overview of a complex pathosystem ravaging the world's citrus

Cited by 245 publications

References 96 publications

Molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H2O2 in citrus plants in response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection

Molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H2O2 in citrus plants in response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ infection

Pest survey card on Huanglongbing and its vectors

Understanding the Physiology of <b><i>Liberibacter asiaticus</i></b>: An Overview of the Demonstrated Molecular Mechanisms

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