HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy: Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands contain anti‐HTLV‐I p24 antibody

Grimaldi, Luigi Maria Edoardo; Devare, Sushil G.; Casey, Janet R.; Maruo, Yuji; Hamada, T.; Tashiro, Kunio

doi:10.1002/ana.410240606

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This method was used to demonstrate that the oligoclonal IgG was directed against T. pallidum in neurosyphilis, 5 against herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific glycoproteins in HSV encephalitis and against HTLV-1-specific proteins in HTLV-1 myelopathy. 6,14,15 Our technique has several advantages over these methodologies. For example, we were able to utilize less than 100μl of CSF with microgram amounts of antibody and visualize less than 1μg of eluted protein by silver-staining, as compared with the milligram quantities of purified IgG required for immunocomplex sedimentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are directed against VZV

Burgoon

Hammack

Owens

et al. 2003

Annals of Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Limited analyses of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system infections have shown that the oligoclonal IgG is antibody directed against the agent that causes disease. Using a new method involving binding of IgG to beads coated with lysates prepared from candidate infectious antigens, we showed that the oligoclonal IgG in cerebro-spinal fluid of a patient with chronic varicella zoster virus vasculopathy is directed against the causative virus. This approach holds promise in identifying and purifying the relevant oligoclonal IgGs in inflammatory central nervous system diseases of unknown cause.Clinical pathology laboratories define oligoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) as discrete bands seen on isoelectric focusing gels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), typically near the cathode, that are not present in serum of the same patient. These oligoclonal bands (OGBs) are found most often in chronic infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In diseases in which the specificities of the OGBs have been determined, the bands have been shown to be antibody directed against the infectious agent that caused disease (reviewed in Gilden and colleagues 1 ). For example, most OGBs in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a form of chronic measles encephalitis, are directed against measles virus (MV). 2,3 Similarly, OGBs in cryptococcal meningitis and neurosyphilis are antibody directed against Cryptococcus neoformans 4 and Treponema pallidum, 5 respectively. OGBs are also found in other inflammatory CNS diseases of unknown cause, such as multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and Behçet's disease. Identification of the specificity of those oligoclonal Igs might be key in determining the cause of these disorders.In chronic infectious CNS diseases, additional bands of IgG have been found in both the CSF and serum of the same patient and have been shown to be antibody directed against the same antigen. 3,6 Thus, the OGBs seen exclusively in the CSF are part of a larger immune response in both the CSF and periphery that is directed against the causative agent. Herein, we developed a technique to absorb OGBs directed against specific antigens and determined the specificity of OGBs present in the CSF of a patient with VZV vasculopa-thy. Materials and Methods Cerebrospinal Fluid SamplesA CSF sample obtained at the onset of VZV vasculopathy 5 months after bilateral sacral distribution zoster contained a high titer of anti-VZV-specific IgG. 7 The CSF was frozen at -20°C. At the time of this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reconfirmed the presence of anti-VZV antibody in CSF, the quality of VZV antigen in the VZV-infected cell lysate, and the presence of antibody to measles virus in the CSF of an SSPE patient (a gift from Dr B. Vandvik, Oslo, Norway) (Table). CSF protein concentra-tions were determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayTo assess initial virus specificity by ELISA, we tested the CSFs on VZV-infected, MVinfect...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are directed against VZV

Burgoon

Hammack

Owens

et al. 2003

Annals of Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In all of these disorders, the intrathecal IgG-antibody response is specific to the underlying infectious agent (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Therefore, it is conceivable that the persistent IgG response in MS targets disease-relevant antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Epstein-Barr virus proteins as putative targets of the immune response in multiple sclerosis

Cepok¹,

Zhou²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2005

J. Clin. Invest.

176

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MS is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS with as yet unknown etiology. A hallmark of this disease is the occurrence of oligoclonal IgG antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To assess the specificity of these antibodies, we screened protein expression arrays containing 37,000 tagged proteins. The 2 most frequent MS-specific reactivities were further mapped to identify the underlying high-affinity epitopes. In both cases, we identified peptide sequences derived from EBV proteins expressed in latently infected cells. Immunoreactivities to these EBV proteins, BRRF2 and EBNA-1, were significantly higher in the serum and CSF of MS patients than in those of control donors. Oligoclonal CSF IgG from MS patients specifically bound both EBV proteins. Also, CD8 + T cell responses to latent EBV proteins were higher in MS patients than in controls. In summary, these findings demonstrate an increased immune response to EBV in MS patients, which suggests that the virus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of disease.

show abstract

“…For example, the OGBs in the CSF of patients with SSPE are antibody directed against measles virus (4), while the oligoclonal IgG in mumps meningitis represents mumps virus-specific antibody (5). In cryptococcal meningitis, the OGBs are adsorbed specifically with cryptococcal antigen, but not with candida antigen (6), and the OGBs in the CSF of patients with HTLV-1 myelopathy contain anti-HTLV-1 p24 antibody (7). Most recently, the oligoclonal IgG in CSF during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy was shown to be antibody directed against VZV (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells in multiple sclerosis

Mark¹

2004

Front Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The most common laboratory abnormality in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid IgG and the presence of oligoclonal bands. Despite studies of the humoral response that suggest the involvement of an infectious agent or autoantigen in disease, the major targets of the oligoclonal response are still unknown. Identification of these targets will reveal valuable insights into the cause and pathogenesis of MS and is likely to lead to effective treatment.

show abstract

HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy: Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands contain anti‐HTLV‐I p24 antibody

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are directed against VZV

Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are directed against VZV

Identification of Epstein-Barr virus proteins as putative targets of the immune response in multiple sclerosis

B cells in multiple sclerosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About