HTLV-1 associated polymyositis in Jamaica

Gilbert, D. T.; Morgan, Owen; Smikle, Monica; Simeon, Donald; Barton, E N

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2001.104002101.x

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Muscle damage is not related to direct invasion of muscle fibers by the virus, but to an immune-mediated process 39 . Classically, both polymyositis (PM) 40 and inclusion body myositis (IBM) 41 have been associated with HTLV-1 infection. Furthermore, clinicians may also consider ordering HTLV-1 testing in the context of isolated cramps without other features of myopathy and in patients with persistent serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) elevation.…”

Section: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep tendon reflexes are diminished or abolished but may be normal or even brisk in patients with concomitant HAM/TsP. Other manifestations such as rheumatologic (arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon), cardiac (myocarditis), and respiratory (pneumonitis) complications are present in HTLV-1-related PM, but they are less frequent than in HTLV-I-seronegative PM 40,41 .…”

Section: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HTLV-1 and neurological conditions: when to suspect and when to order a diagnostic test for HTLV-1 infection?

Araújo

Leite

Lima

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-HTLV-1 is a retrovirus associated with a myriad of clinical conditions, especially hematological and neurological ones. Regarding nervous system diseases, it is of utmost importance to select those cases in which HTLV-1 infection could really be associated. This is particularly true for patients from endemic areas and for HIV-infected patients and drug users, since that these groups are at a higher risk for HTLV infection. This caution in selecting neurological patients for HTLV diagnostic tests is justified by the fact that in some circumstances the seropositivity may merely represent an epiphenomenon. In this paper we enroll some neurological conditions that have been associated with HTLV-1/2 infection in the literature and discuss the real need for HTLV-1/2 diagnostic tests in each one. Because HIV/HTLV-co-infected patients seem to be at an increased risk for neurological diseases development, a special consideration about this matter is also made.KEy WORDs: HTLV, myelopathy, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, HIV.doenças neurológicas e infecção pelo HTLV-1: quando suspeitar e quando solicitar testes diagnósticos para a infecção pelo HTLV-1Resumo -O HTLV-1 é um retrovírus associado tanto a doenças hematológicas quanto a doenças neurológicas. Em relação às doenças neurológicas, é fundamental que selecionemos aquelas em que de fato a infecção pelo HTLV-1 possa ser a causa. Isto é particularmente verdadeiro nos pacientes oriundos de áreas endêmicas e nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV e usuários de drogas, haja vista que estes grupos são de risco para infecção pelo HTLV. Este cuidado ao selecionarmos aquelas condições neurológicas que merecem ser investigadas com sorologia para o HTLV se justifica pelo fato de que nem sempre podemos afastar uma associação fortuita entre a infecção e a referida doença. Neste artigo, comentaremos sobre algumas condições neurológicas que podem estar associadas com a infecção pelo HTLV-1/2, discutindo a real necessidade de solicitar testes para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HTLV-1/2 frente a elas. Uma breve consideração sobre a co-infecção HIV/ HTLV será feita no final deste artigo tendo em vista que estes pacientes apresentam um risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de doenças neurológicas.PALAVRAs-CHAVE: HTLV, mielopatia, miopatia, neuropatia periférica, HIV.The human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus and the etiologic agent of both a group of hematological disorders known as Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATLL) 1 and a group of neurological conditions known altogether as the HTLV-1 neurological complex 2 , of which the most common is the HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TsP) 3 . Endemic infection with HTLV-1 is now recognized to be worldwide, and is also common in Brazil 4 . The number of people around the world infected with HTLV-1 is estimated as being between 10 to 20 million. There are areas in Japan, sub-saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and south America where more than 1% of the general population is infected. T...

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Section: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 and neurological conditions: when to suspect and when to order a diagnostic test for HTLV-1 infection?

Araújo

Leite

Lima

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…HAPm is an important diagnosis to bear in mind if patients with HAM/TSP start to develop a new pattern of muscular weakness (more proximal), myalgias, and increased creatine kinase (CK) levels. Compared to idiopathic polymyositis, HAPm follows a more protracted course and is particularly resistant to steroids [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Neurological Manifestations of HTLV-1 Infection

Araújo

2015

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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The human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that infects 10-20 million persons around the world. Initially associated with the hematological malignancy adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1 is also the cause of a chronic progressive myelopathy named "HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis" (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP arises as the tip of the iceberg of an assortment of neurological syndromes triggered by the virus such as inflammatory myopathies, polyneuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like syndromes, dysautonomia, and cognitive impairment. HAM/TSP typifies a chronic progressive spastic paraparesis with neurogenic bladder and minimal sensory signs. The neuropathology of HAM/TSP is concentrated in the thoracic spinal cord and is typically biphasic. Initially, there is a perivascular lymphocytic cuffing and mild parenchymal mononuclear infiltrates. Subsequently, this is replaced by gliosis and scarring. The neuropathogenesis of HTLV-1 is still partially understood. At present, the therapy of HAM/TSP remains basically symptomatic.

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“…Estos trastornos incluyen, entre otros: esclerosis lateral primaria, esclerosis múltiple, síndromes meníngeos, síndrome del cono medular, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, infección por VIH y polimiositis (67,68). La polimiositis forma parte de las miopatías inflamatorias asociadas al HTLV-1 de las que se han reportado varios casos (69)(70)(71)(72); puede aparecer sola o como una complicación tardía de la MAH y es un diagnóstico importante para tener en cuenta en pacientes con MAH que desarrollen un patrón de debilidad muscular más proximal, mialgias y concentraciones elevadas de creatina fosfoquinasa (CPK); a diferencia de la polimiositis idiopática, esta tiene un curso más prolongado con resistencia a la terapia con esteroides (69,72). Araújo y colaboradores (68) establecieron en 2009 una clasificación de los trastornos en los que consideran obligatoria la búsqueda de HTLV-1: polimiositis, infección por VIH y esclerosis múltiple; y de aquellos en los que es aconsejable su búsqueda: síndrome del cono medular, miositis por cuerpos de inclusión y esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.…”

Section: Cuadro Clínico Evolución Y Diagnóstico Diferencialunclassified