HST ultraviolet spectropolarimetry of NGC 1068

Antonucci, Robert; Hurt, Todd; Miller, Joseph B.

doi:10.1086/174395

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Ultraviolet light scattered from the inner 4 of NGC 1068 has a wavelength-independent polarization (Antonucci et al 1994). This is strong evidence for electron scattering as opposed to dust scattering.…”

Section: Ionized Scattering Regionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Testing the Seyfert unification theory: Chandra HETGS observations of NGC 1068

Ogle

Brookings

Canizares

et al. 2003

A&A

122

166

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Abstract. We present spatially resolved Chandra HETGS observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. X-ray imaging and high resolution spectroscopy are used to test the Seyfert unification theory. Fe Kα emission is concentrated in the nuclear region, as are neutral and ionized continuum reflection. This is consistent with reprocessing of emission from a luminous, hidden X-ray source by the obscuring molecular torus and X-ray narrow-line region (NLR). We detect extended hard X-ray emission surrounding the X-ray peak in the nuclear region, which may come from the outer portion of the torus. Detailed modeling of the spectrum of the X-ray NLR confirms that it is excited by photoionization and photoexcitation from the hidden X-ray source. K-shell emission lines from a large range of ionization states of H-like and He-like N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Fe - L-shell emission lines are modeled. The emission measure distribution indicates roughly equal masses at all observed ionization levels in the range log ξ = 1-3. We separately analyze the spectrum of an off-nuclear cloud. We find that it has a lower column density than the nuclear region, and is also photoionized. The nuclear X-ray NLR column density, optical depth, outflow velocity, and electron temperature are all consistent with values predicted by optical spectropolarimetry for the region which provides a scattered view of the hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus.

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Section: Ionized Scattering Regionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Testing the Seyfert unification theory: Chandra HETGS observations of NGC 1068

Ogle

Brookings

Canizares

et al. 2003

A&A

122

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy with starburst at a distance of 14.4 Mpc (1 = 72 pc, Bland-Hawthorn et al 1997), NGC 1068 was observed at radio (Greenhill et al 1996), millimeter (Schinnerer et al 2000), infrared (Jaffe et al 2004), optical (Antonucci & Miller 1985), UV (Antonucci et al 1994), and X-ray (Kinkhabwala et al 2002). High spatial resolution…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward NGC 1068

Qiu

Wang

Shi

et al. 2018

A&A

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Aims. We aim for a better understanding of gas properties in the circum-nuclear disk (CND) region of the nearby gas-rich Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. We focus on line identification and the basic physical parameters estimation of molecular gas in the CND region. Methods. We used the IRAM 30 m telescope to conduct deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward the center of NGC 1068. Results. Thirty-two lines were detected in this galaxy, 15 lines of wich were detected for the first time. With a sensitivity better by about a factor of 4 than observations in the literature for this source at 3 mm band, we detected several weak lines for the first time in this source, such as lines from CH 3 CCH, CH 3 OCH 3 , and HC 18 O + . Column densities of these molecules were estimated based on line emissions. Some marginal detections in the literature, such as HN 13 C (1-0), were confirmed. CH 3 OCH 3 was detected for the first time in external galaxies. Lines from several carbon chain molecules and shock-related molecules were also detected in this source.

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“…He showed the spectra could be parameterized approximately by a normal Pop II SED, plus a suitably normalized power law which dominates in the near-UV. The brightest powerful Seyfert 2 nucleus, that of NGC1068, can indeed be fit quite well that way (Miller and Antonucci 1983, McLean et al 1983, Antonucci et al 1994, and furthermore the power-law component has a wavelength-independent polarization of ∼ 16% in arcsec apertures. It is crucial to note that the broad permitted lines show the same percent P as the power-law continuum component accounting for the "UV excess."…”

Section: Levels Of Polarization Of the Nuclear Light In Seyfert 2 Galmentioning

confidence: 70%

Dubious Deductions from AGN Survey Data

Antonucci

2002

International Astronomical Union Colloquium

Self Cite

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Abstract. The participants in this meeting are almost all carrying out the hard work of making many different types of AGN surveys. Since it's so much easier to criticize other people's work than to do actual work myself, I'll just present some demurs regarding recent papers drawing conclusions from various AGN survey data. In particular I'll mention some questionable interpretations of surveys of Seyfert 2 near-UV polarization; interpreting the results of searches for polarized broad H-alpha lines in Seyfert 2s; testing the beam model for radio galaxies and quasars; testing the unification of Seyfert spectral types with a torus; and finally testing the energy sources for Ulirgs, especially those with Liner optical spectra. Only the polarized broad H-α results are examined in detail here.

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HST ultraviolet spectropolarimetry of NGC 1068

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Testing the Seyfert unification theory: Chandra HETGS observations of NGC 1068

Testing the Seyfert unification theory: Chandra HETGS observations of NGC 1068

Deep millimeter spectroscopy observations toward NGC 1068

Dubious Deductions from AGN Survey Data

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