Hsp90 at the crossroads of genetics and epigenetics

Wong, Keith S.; Houry, Walid

doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7310090

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Recent work in Drosophila has provided a possible mechanism for how extremes in temperature can vary phenotypes in an epigenetic manor as a short-term response to environmental change that can be followed by a slower genetic change to fix the new phenotype [21]. In these studies it appears that Hsp90 may act as a capacitor for canalization of a trait following increased phenotypic plasticity (for review see [22]. In flies that have reduced Hsp90 function, either due to a weak allele or increase temperature, they exhibit much greater variation in phenotypes [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Variants of C. elegans Demonstrate Defects in Both Sperm Function and Oogenesis at Elevated Temperatures

Petrella

2014

PLoS ONE

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The temperature sensitivity of the germ line is conserved from nematodes to mammals. Previous studies in C. briggsae and Drosophila showed that isolates originating from temperate latitudes lose fertility at a lower temperature than strains originating from tropical latitudes. In order to investigate these relationships in C. elegans, analysis of the fertility of 22 different wild-type isolates of C. elegans isolated from equatorial, tropical and temperate regions was undertaken. It was found that there are significant temperature, genotype and temperature × genotype effects on fertility but region of isolation showed no significant effect on differences in fertility. For most isolates 100% of the population maintained fertility from 20°C to 26°C, but there was a precipitous drop in the percentage of fertile hermaphrodites at 27°C. In contrast, all isolates show a progressive decrease in brood size as temperature increases from 20°C to 26°C, followed by a brood size near zero at 27°C. Temperature shift experiments were performed to better understand the causes of high temperature loss of fertility. Males up-shifted to high temperature maintained fertility, while males raised at high temperature lost fertility. Down-shifting males raised at high temperature generally did not restore fertility. This result differs from that observed in Drosophila and suggested that in C. elegans spermatogenesis or sperm function is irreversibly impaired in males that develop at high temperature. Mating and down-shifting experiments with hermaphrodites were performed to investigate the relative contributions of spermatogenic and oogenic defects to high temperature loss of fertility. It was found that the hermaphrodites of all isolates demonstrated loss in both spermatogenic and oogenic germ lines that differed in their relative contribution by isolate. These studies uncovered unexpectedly high variation in both the loss of fertility and problems with oocyte function in natural variants of C. elegans at high temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Variants of C. elegans Demonstrate Defects in Both Sperm Function and Oogenesis at Elevated Temperatures

Petrella

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…When Hsp90 function is compromised in Drosophila and Arabidopsis , due to mutations or following the application of inhibitory drugs, mutant phenotypes are manifest. Following several generations of artificial selection of mutant phenotypes, they may persist in the lineage even after Hsp90 function is restored (Rutherford and Lindquist 1998; Queitsch et al 2002; Wong and Houry 2006). As noted by Waddington (1953d), different strains tend to produce different phenotypic mutants, indicating an underlying genetic basis for the development of environmentally induced phenotypic variation, the expression of which is buffered by Hsp90 (Rutherford and Lindquist 1998; Queitsch et al 2002).…”

Section: Waddington Genetic Assimilation and Canalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Baldwin Effect and Genetic Assimilation: Revisiting Two Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change Mediated by Phenotypic Plasticity

2007

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Two different, but related, evolutionary theories pertaining to phenotypic plasticity were proposed by James Mark Baldwin and Conrad Hal Waddington. Unfortunately, these theories are often confused with one another. Baldwin's notion of organic selection posits that plasticity influences whether an individual will survive in a new environment, thus dictating the course of future evolution. Heritable variations can then be selected upon to direct phenotypic evolution (i.e., "orthoplasy"). The combination of these two processes (organic selection and orthoplasy) is now commonly referred to as the "Baldwin effect." Alternately, Waddington's genetic assimilation is a process whereby an environmentally induced phenotype, or "acquired character," becomes canalized through selection acting upon the developmental system. Genetic accommodation is a modern term used to describe the process of heritable changes that occur in response to a novel induction. Genetic accommodation is a key component of the Baldwin effect, and genetic assimilation is a type of genetic accommodation. I here define both the Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation in terms of genetic accommodation, describe cases in which either should occur in nature, and propose that each could play a role in evolutionary diversification.

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“…One of the interesting aspects of these experiments is that these Hsp90‐dependent phenotypic variations are heritable. Whether this mechanism for phenotypic transmission is genetic, epigenetic, or both, is still under debate 50–53. In an epigenetic model, DNA methylation and chromatin modification leads to gene silencing or activation that is inherited without any change to the genome.…”

Section: Buffering Capabilities Of Hsp90mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp90 and co‐chaperones twist the functions of diverse client proteins

2009

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Hsp90 molecular chaperones are required for the stability and activity of a diverse range of client proteins that have critical roles in signal transduction, cellular trafficking, chromatin remodeling, cell growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Mammalian cells contain three types of Hsp90s: cytosolic Hsp90, mitochondrial Trap‐1, and Grp94 of the endoplasmic reticulum. Each of the Hsp90s, as well as the bacterial homolog, HtpG, hydrolyze ATP and undergo similar conformational changes. Unlike the other forms of Hsp90, cytosolic Hsp90 function is dependent on a battery of co‐chaperone proteins that regulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90 or direct Hsp90 to interact with specific client proteins. This review will summarize what is known about Hsp90's ability to mediate the folding and activation of diverse client proteins that contribute to human diseases, such as cancer and fungal and viral infections. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 211–217, 2010. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com

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Hsp90 at the crossroads of genetics and epigenetics

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Natural Variants of C. elegans Demonstrate Defects in Both Sperm Function and Oogenesis at Elevated Temperatures

Natural Variants of C. elegans Demonstrate Defects in Both Sperm Function and Oogenesis at Elevated Temperatures

The Baldwin Effect and Genetic Assimilation: Revisiting Two Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change Mediated by Phenotypic Plasticity

Hsp90 and co‐chaperones twist the functions of diverse client proteins

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