HSP70 upregulation in nasal mucosa of symptomatic children with allergic rhinitis and potential risk of asthma development

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis and asthma are the most common causes of chronic inflammation of the upper and lower airways in childhood. However, a nasal biomarker that can link to pulmonary inflammation is yet to be found. The present paper aims to investigate the possible role in inflammation of two inducible 70-kDa Heat Shock Proteins (HSP70) members, HSPA1A/B and HSPA6, in nasal mucosa cells of allergic children through their mRNA expression analysis, and their correlation to both spirometric and FeNO values. The relationship between FeNO in lower airways and ∆Cts of HSPA1A/B in nasal mucosa seems to be influenced by clinical symptoms regardless of age, sex, and sensitization patterns. Therefore, HSP70 expression, as well as FeNO levels, could have a predictive capability to identify lower airways inflammation and thus to recognize rhinitic children having a potential risk of asthma development.

Albumin Proteins as Delivery Vehicles for PFAS Contaminants into Respiratory Membranes

“…When directed against the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, this lytic activity could activate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These are pro-inflammatory compounds such as interleukin 1α (IL-1α), heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) which are released in response to cellular damage or stress. − Damage to epithelial cells through the introduction of membrane-destabilizing agents can induce the upregulation of DAMPs, , which can be correlated with asthma and other inflammatory disorders. − The ability of BSA–PFOA complexes to permeabilize lipid bilayers could induce DAMP release in a similar manner, providing an additional avenue through which exposure to dust particles containing both PFAS and protein contaminants contributes to negative health outcomes among effected populations. − …”

Qualitative Immunodetection of Hsp70 in Nasal Samples of Children With Allergic Rhinitis

“…These findings and the correlation between Hsp70 in nasal mucosa and FeNO in lower airways suggested a potential role for inducible Hsp70 as a predictive nasal biomarker that can define the risk of asthma development in children with AR. 3 In this study, the qualitative analysis of inducible Hsp70 on nasal samples of pediatric patients with AR is carried out to determine which cell source expresses the protein, providing new insights into AR pathogenesis in children. Only a single study has employed nasal cytology in adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis to examine the presence of Hsp70 in the nasal mucosa cells.…”

“…Only a single study has employed nasal cytology in adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis to examine the presence of Hsp70 in the nasal mucosa cells. 4 Twelve children (age range 8-12 years) with a diagnosis of AR, who were in follow-up as outpatients, were enrolled following the criteria described in Fagotti et al 3 The collection of nasal samples was performed using a non-invasive method. 3 Harvested cells were processed using the cell block method and the collodion bag technique.…”

“…4 Twelve children (age range 8-12 years) with a diagnosis of AR, who were in follow-up as outpatients, were enrolled following the criteria described in Fagotti et al 3 The collection of nasal samples was performed using a non-invasive method. 3 Harvested cells were processed using the cell block method and the collodion bag technique. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a monoclonal antibody against the stress-inducible form of Hsp70 (ab 47455 Abcam, Cambridge, UK) at 1:200 dilution.…”

“…These findings and the correlation between Hsp70 in nasal mucosa and FeNO in lower airways suggested a potential role for inducible Hsp70 as a predictive nasal biomarker that can define the risk of asthma development in children with AR. 3…”