“…Methods such as immunochemistry, protein mass spectrometry, bromocresol green (BCG), and bromocresol purple (BCP) have been developed for the quantitative detection of HSA, but they suffer from complicated operation and are costly. − Fluorescence sensing and imaging is a noninvasive detection approach that has become popular in recent decades, especially in small-molecule-based probes that exhibit the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, multicolor imaging, high background contrast with high signal-to-noise ratio in situ , etc. To date, the small-molecular fluorescent probes developed for HSA can be categorized into noncovalent and covalent binding modes. ,− It has been suggested that covalent binding exhibits better selectivity and stability to resist interference from small biomolecules and drugs. ,,, Ajayaghosh et al developed self-assembling dyes that form nonfluorescent nanoparticles, and HSA can selectively disassemble and covalently bind to generate a fluorescent response . He et al orthogonally functionalized HSA using covalent and supramolecular approaches to modular peptides, achieving specific optical visualization and photodynamic ablation of malignant liver tumors of human origin .…”