HR LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of Yucca aloifolia fruit and the potential neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats

Abstract

Yucca aloifolia L. fruit (Yucca or Spanish bayonet, family Asparagaceae) is recognized for its purplish red color reflecting its anthocyanin content, which has a powerful antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate yucca (YA) fruit extract’s protective effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD). In vitro study, the anti-inflammatory activity of yucca fruit extracts was explored by measuring tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) to choose the most effective extract. Afterward, a detailed in vivo investigation of the protective effect of the most active extract on rotenone-induced PD was performed on male albino Wister rats. First, the safety of the extract in two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg in 0.9% saline orally) was confirmed by a toxicological study. The rats were divided into four groups: 1) normal control (NC); 2) rotenone group; and third and fourth groups received 50 and 100 mg/kg yucca extract, respectively. The neurobehavioral and locomotor activities of the rats were tested by rotarod, open field, and forced swim tests. Striatal dopamine, renal and liver functions, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Western blot analysis of brain tissue samples was performed for p-AMPK, Wnt3a, and β-catenin. Histopathological examination of striatal tissue samples was performed by light and electron microscopy (EM). The metabolites of the active extract were characterized using high-resolution LC-MS/MS, and the results showed the prevalence of anthocyanins, saponins, phenolics, and choline. Biochemical and histopathological tests revealed a dose-dependent improvement with oral Yucca extract. The current study suggests a possible neuroprotective effect of the acidified 50% ethanol extract (YA-C) of the edible Yucca fruit, making it a promising therapeutic target for PD.

Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary flavonoids on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The statistical results demonstrated that flavonoid administration [nine studies; mean difference (MD), −1.98 nmol/mg protein; 95%CI (−3.20, −0.77)] has a significant effect in reducing MDA level among the animals with cognitive impairment as the effect favors experimental/intervention group, with a heterogenicity of 87% between studies. The nine studies included are as follows: Wu et al (2012) administered green tea extract (GTex), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), for 7 days; Jia et al (2016) administered liquiritin for 2 weeks; Mansour et al (2017) administered 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone for 3 weeks; Peter AN and Rehab AA 2021 administered hesperidin for 8 weeks; Kwon et al (2022) administered Rhodiola sachalinensis for 3 weeks; Hawash et al (2023) administered jambolan fruit ethanolic extract for 28 days; administered baicalein for 21 days and quercetin for 42 days, respectively; and finally, Kim et al (2023) administered Sesamum indicum L. for 4 weeks.…”

Chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers for effective brain delivery of Tanshinone IIA in Parkinson’s disease: interplay between nuclear factor-kappa β and cathepsin B

“…After being trained, three different trials/day for each rat were performed using the rotarod’s accelerating speed mode (4 to 40 rpm) for 5 min. The latency to fall off the rotarod was recorded, and the results were expressed as mean of three trials for each rat [ 26 ].…”

“…The experiment was video-recorded and analyzed by the observer. Activity (swimming and climbing times) and immobility times were the parameters measured in this test and were considered an index for depression [ 26 ].…”

“…Each rat was placed on the box corner opposite to the wall followed by determination of the number of squares crossed in 3 min. The number of rears and latencies to rear and to move was recorded [ 26 ].…”

Effect of spermidine on long non‐coding RNAs MALAT1 in a rotenone induced‐rat model of Parkinson's disease

“…The latency to fall from the apparatus was recorded, and the mean of the three trials was calculated for each rat. Rats that stayed on the drum for 300 s without falling were removed, and their time was scored as 300 s. The apparatus was properly cleaned with a 70% ethanol solution before each trial [22,23].…”