HPV31 and HPV33 incidence in cervical samples from women in Recife, Brazil

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been extensively studied concerning genomic structure, infection mechanisms, and diversity of types, as well as disease progression stages and development of vaccines. HPV type prevalence can differ in specific populations in different countries, according to ethnicity. This is the first report of an integrated project to evaluate the incidence of HPV types in different regions in Brazil in order to obtain data for vaccine development. Cervical samples were collected from women seen at a public hospital in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, for routine evaluation of genital alterations. Selection of the patients was random. There was a strong prevalence of HPV16 and a high incidence of HPV types 31 and 33. These data foster the discussion about the need to evaluate viral prevalence in each geographic region in order to develop targeted vaccine programs.

Research Article Synergic effect of oral contraceptives, GSTP1 polymorphisms, and high-risk HPV infection in development of cervical lesions.

“…Our findings showed that in Northeastern Brazil the HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype followed by HPV-31 and HPV-33. The results of the frequency of HPV subtypes found in this study did not show any difference concerning other studies conducted in Northeastern Brazil (Baldez da Silva et al, 2009;Fernandes et al, 2011;Chagas et al, 2015).…”

“…Studies performed in Brazil have shown that HPV-16 is the most common (Baldez da Silva et al, 2009;Fernandes et al, 2011). Our findings showed that in Northeastern Brazil the HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype followed by HPV-31 and HPV-33.…”

Vaccine Strategies against Human Papillomavirus: A Discussion Focused on Developing Countries

“…Data recently published by our group [48] suggest that, in Pernambuco (Brazil), while HPV-31 (15.49%) shows a much higher incidence than HPV-18 (2.82%), which has the same incidence as HPV-33, there was also a high percentage of concurrent infections between HPV -16/-31 (70.67%) and between HPV -16/-33 (18.66%). In addition, among women infected with HPV-31, there was a greater frequency of HSIL when compared with low-grade lesions, contrary to what was observed in women infected with HPV-16.…”

“…Although there are no clear statistics on the prevalence of HPV infection in the sexually-active population in various states and regions, several studies confirm the high prevalence of HPV-16 in all Brazilian regions, whereas in the case of the second most relevant HPV type, the degree of incidence differs in each region. For example, HPV-31 and -33 are more commonly found than -18 in the Northeast and Midwest regions, while in the North, South and Southeast regions, HPV-18 appears as the second most prevalent type [45][46][47][48]. This clearly shows that there is a need to develop a second generation of prophylactic vaccines against HPV, with a larger spectrum of action [49].…”

“…Thus, these results suggest that the vaccines currently available cannot meet the requirements of different populations such as those of Pernambuco (Brazil). Some studies have found that the bivalent vaccine provides little protection against HPV-31 and -33, but nothing can be inferred about its effectiveness when it is observed that these genotypes are, at least, as prevalent as those that it covers [48]. These vaccines could further allow the spread of other oncogenic genotypes, which in certain populations assume a more malignant form, as seems to be the case with HPV-31 in the population of Pernambuco (Brazil).…”