HPV types and cofactors causing cervical cancer in Peru

Abstract

We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Peru of 198 women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer (173 squamous cell carcinomas and 25 cases of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma) and 196 control women. Information on risk factors was obtained by personal interview. Using PCR-based assays on exfoliated cervical cells and biopsy specimens, HPV DNA was detected in 95.3% of women with squamous cell carcinoma and in 92.0% of women with adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma compared with 17.7% in control women. The age-adjusted odds ratio was 116.0 (95% Cl = 48.6–276.0) for squamous cell carcinoma and 51.4 (95% Cl = 11.4–232.0) for adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma. The commonest types in women with cervical cancer were HPV 16, 18, 31, 52 and 35. The association with the various HPV types was equally strong for the two most common types (HPV 16 and 18) as for the other less common types. In addition to HPV, long-term use of oral contraceptives and smoking were associated with an increased risk. HPV is the main cause of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in Peruvian women. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com

Characteristics of HPV prevalence among women in Liaoning province, China

“…Of the 4780 patients in the present study, 731 (15.29%) were infected with multiple HPV types; and of the 2260 women found to be infected with HPV in the study and control groups combined, 731 (32.35%) were infected with multiple HPV types. This is higher than in other studies, but the reported prevalence of multiple HPV infections varies widely, from 3.9% in Thailand [17], to 12.9% among women with squamous tumors in Peru [18], to 19.3% in Paraguay [19], to 32.2% in Korea [20], to 32% in Costa Rica [15], and to 34.3% in Mozambique [21]. These differences could be due to different rates of multiple infection in the various populations or to differences in the detection methods [22].…”

“…This kit was chosen for its high rate (93.8%) of agreement with the commonly used Amplicor HPV test (Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, California, USA) [9] and its good sensitivity, specificity, and reliability [10]. Its pool of HPV-specific primers and its microarray allow for DNA amplification and the detection of the following 21 HPV genotypes: 13 HR types (16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, and 68), 5 LR genotypes (6, 11, 42, 43, and 44), and 3 types common in China (53, 66, and CP8304).…”

“…Most HPV infections are transient, however, and the main risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is persistent cervical infection with a high-risk (HR) genotype [2]. These types include HPV 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59, and 68. Others, which include types 6,11,40,42,43,44, and 55, are associated with a relatively low risk (LR) of progression to CIN and invasive cervical cancer [3].…”

HLA-B*6701 as a subtype performing post-selected marking gene for cervical cancer

“…This detection result is in accordance with the relevance ratio (75%-96%) of HPV DNA obtained by other researchers who investigated cervical cancer patients [16][17][18][19] .…”

“…This phenomenon indicates that genes belonging to HLA-B7 supertype possibly have the same or similar peptide epitope, unable to present HPV derived-antigen to T cell, leading to high cervical cancer risk. Our initial research on cervical cancer risk focused on HLA-A alleles to find out that HLA-A*0206 had a protective function against cervical cancer creation [29] , which proved that HLA-A*0206 can provide HPV16E7 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and the peptide epitope of E7 86-93 to provoke CTL killing function against the target cells.…”