HPV and HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention, and uptake in the era of social media and COVID-19: A review

Vraga, Emily K.; Brady, Sonya S.; Gansen, Chloe; Khan, Euna Mehnaz; Bennis, Sarah L; Nones, Madalyn; Tang, Rongwei; Srivastava, Jaideep; Kulasingam, Shalini

doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.23285015

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…Oncogenic viruses have provided proof-of-principle that prophylactic immunization can successfully reduce cancer incidence by preventing infections associated with malignancy development. Vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in decreasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer rates where vaccination coverage is widespread [2]. However, viral tumors represent only a small minority of the overall cancer burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Addissouky,

El Tantawy El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2023

J Cell Immunol

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Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body of abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable early immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets for stimulating immune surveillance before additional mutations cause unconstrained proliferation. High-risk precancers also provide sources of dysregulated self-antigens. Yet challenges exist in lesion identification, overcoming tolerance, and avoiding inflammation potentially worsening progression. Multidisciplinary insights into precancer immunology, predictive biomarkers, antigen discovery, and combinatorial vaccination strategies are illuminating rational vaccine design. Despite obstacles, prophylactic immunization against early dysplastic changes holds disruptive potential if key steps advance this approach. Elucidating preneoplasia immunobiology and progression risk modeling will be critical to guide productive immune targeting while mitigating immunotherapy hazards. Thoughtful translation could eventually shift paradigms by priming immunosurveillance against peak vulnerability lesions. Short Conclusion: Advancements in precancer vaccines may profoundly expand prevention horizons. Cautious immune targeting of premalignant states could intercept progression toward widely disseminated malignancies. This warrants methodical efforts to unravel the promise of thwarting lethal cancers before they start.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Addissouky,

El Tantawy El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2023

J Cell Immunol

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Defining Misinformation and Related Terms in Health-Related Literature: Scoping Review

et al. 2023

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Background Misinformation poses a serious challenge to clinical and policy decision-making in the health field. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified interest in misinformation and related terms and witnessed a proliferation of definitions. Objective We aim to assess the definitions of misinformation and related terms used in health-related literature. Methods We conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews by searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos databases for articles published within the last 5 years up till March 2023. Eligible studies were systematic reviews that stated misinformation or related terms as part of their objectives, conducted a systematic search of at least one database, and reported at least 1 definition for misinformation or related terms. We extracted definitions for the terms misinformation, disinformation, fake news, infodemic, and malinformation. Within each definition, we identified concepts and mapped them across misinformation-related terms. Results We included 41 eligible systematic reviews, out of which 32 (78%) reviews addressed the topic of public health emergencies (including the COVID-19 pandemic) and contained 75 definitions for misinformation and related terms. The definitions consisted of 20 for misinformation, 19 for disinformation, 10 for fake news, 24 for infodemic, and 2 for malinformation. “False/inaccurate/incorrect” was mentioned in 15 of 20 definitions of misinformation, 13 of 19 definitions of disinformation, 5 of 10 definitions of fake news, 6 of 24 definitions of infodemic, and 0 of 2 definitions of malinformation. Infodemic had 19 of 24 definitions addressing “information overload” and malinformation had 2 of 2 definitions with “accurate” and 1 definition “used in the wrong context.” Out of all the definitions, 56 (75%) were referenced from other sources. Conclusions While the definitions of misinformation and related terms in the health field had inconstancies and variability, they were largely consistent. Inconstancies related to the intentionality in misinformation definitions (7 definitions mention “unintentional,” while 5 definitions have “intentional”). They also related to the content of infodemic (9 definitions mention “valid and invalid info,” while 6 definitions have “false/inaccurate/incorrect”). The inclusion of concepts such as “intentional” may be difficult to operationalize as it is difficult to ascertain one’s intentions. This scoping review has the strength of using a systematic method for retrieving articles but does not cover all definitions in the extant literature outside the field of health. This scoping review of the health literature identified several definitions for misinformation and related terms, which showed variability and included concepts that are difficult to operationalize. Health practitioners need to exert caution before labeling a piece of information as misinformation or any other related term and only do so after ascertaining accurateness and sometimes intentionality. Additional efforts are needed to allow future consensus around clear and operational definitions.

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HPV and HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention, and uptake in the era of social media and COVID-19: A review

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions

Defining Misinformation and Related Terms in Health-Related Literature: Scoping Review

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