HPTLC-Based Chemical Profiling: An Approach to Monitor Plant Metabolic Expansion Caused by Fungal Endophytes

Abstract

Fungal endophytes isolated from two latex bearing species were chosen as models to show their potential to expand their host plant chemical diversity. Thirty-three strains were isolated from Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) and Euphorbia myrsinites (Euphorbiaceae). High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to metabolically profile samples. The selected strains were well clustered in three major groups by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the HPTLC data, and the chemical profiles were strongly correlated with the strains’ colony size. This correlation was confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) modeling using colony size as “Y” variable. Based on the multivariate data analysis of the HPTLC data, the fastest growing strains of each cluster were selected and used for subsequent experiments: co-culturing to investigate interactions between endophytes-phytopathogens, and biotransformation of plant metabolites by endophytes. The strains exhibited a high capacity to fight against fungal pathogens. Moreover, there was an increase in the antifungal activity after being fed with host-plant metabolites. These results suggest that endophytes play a role in plant defense mechanisms either directly or by biotransformation/induction of metabolites. Regarding HPTLC-based metabolomics, it has proved to be a robust approach to monitor the interactions among fungal endophytes, the host plant and potential phytopathogens.

Chemometric‐based drug discovery approaches from natural origins using hyphenated chromatographic techniques

“…As an illustration, it has become more common to report on OPLS, a variant of the Nonlinear Iterative Partial Least Squares (NIPALS) algorithm. 55,63,[98][99][100] More details about the methodological and computational methods for biomarker deriving and biochemometric are reported in these review articles. 10,101 The ultimate goal of biochemometric research is to identify the substances that are responsible for the biological activity of its source mixture.…”

Qualitative assessment of the flowering buds of Mesua ferrea Linn with special emphasize on HPTLC and universal DNA bar-coding technique and evaluation of its antimicrobial potential

“…This technique is undoubtedly the most striking benefit of HPTLC and one of its fastest-developing application areas. The images of the same plate can be captured before, during, or after derivatization with various illumination modes [13,14].…”

Chemical and cytotoxicity profiles of 11 pink pepper (Schinus spp.) samples via non-targeted hyphenated high-performance thin-layer chromatography

“…The most commonly used profiling tools are nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and various chromatographic techniques, such as LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS, followed by in silico analyses. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been successfully integrated into metabolomics workflows for quality control and authentication through fingerprinting and subsequent chemometric analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) or hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) (Booker et al, 2016 ; Ivanović et al, 2023 ; Mulaudzi et al, 2021 ; Salomé-Abarca et al, 2021 ). Hyphenated HPTLC and metabolomics are both excellent tools for simultaneous non-target bioprofiling of samples, whereby the investigation of the bioactivity is performed on-surface via HPTLC (Schreiner & Morlock, 2021 ; Schreiner et al, 2021 ) versus usually in silico via metabolomics.…”