HPLC for stress‐free screening of potential prostate cancer marker catechol estrogens in urine using a diamond‐electrode electrochemical and a fluorescence detector

Abstract

Short CommunicationHPLC for stress-free screening of potential prostate cancer marker catechol estrogens in urine using a diamond-electrode electrochemical and a fluorescence detector Improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of a simultaneous stress-free screening method for catechol estrogens as a potential prostate cancer marker in urine has been accomplished by HPLC with a diamond-electrode electrochemical detector and a fluorescence detector. Since taking urine samples generates less stress (or pain) than the drawing of blood, the method can readily be applied to almost any patient, and will also assist in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the prostatic specific antigen test. Catechol estrogens (2-hydroxyestrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, 2-methoxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, and 2-hydroxyestriol) and estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol) were separated on an Inertsil ODS-II column with acetonitrile -potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0). The diamond-electrode electrochemical detector used had the great advantage of being a maintenance-free system, and could sequentially analyze hundreds of samples. Fluorescence detection improved the sensitivity 10 -500 times (e. g., the LOD of 2-hydroxyestriol was improved 250 times) compared to previous electrochemical detection reports, and dual detection improved peak identification in the urine samples. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of catechol estrogens in spiked urine in a preliminary study on estrogens and PSA values in biopsy and prostate cancer patients.

DPV and SWV Determination of Estrone Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

“…To the best of our knowledge, a BDD electrode has been used in the determination of estrone only twice, always amperometrically. Firstly, as an HPLC detector 53 to screen for estrogens as potential prostate cancer markers in urine samples; using pre‐concentration of the samples, an LOD value of 0.740 nmol L −1 was obtained for estrone (this low LOD value was attainable due to the high stability and sensitivity of the BDD electrode). Secondly and very recently, a cathodically pretreated BDD electrode was used as detector in the development of a flow injection analysis (FIA‐EC) method to determine estrone and two other estrogenic compounds (estradiol and estriol) 54, with LOD values of 0.10 µmol L −1 .…”

Isolation and determination of estrogens in water samples by solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers and HPLC

“…Liquid–liquid extraction , solid‐phase microextraction , and stir bar sorptive extraction are less popular methods of steroid isolation. Chromatographic methods are most frequently used to separate and identify steroid hormones in liquid samples . The advantage of LC over GC is that the former method supports the determination of sex hormones and their metabolites without the involvement of a derivatization process.…”

Recent Advances in chemistry and pharmacology of 2-methoxyestradiol: An anticancer investigational drug

“…2ME 2 and other nine metabolic steroids were determined by Katayama et al (2007) with enhanced sensitivity by using a diamond electrode in electrochemical and fluorescent detector in HPLC analysis. This dual detector improved peak detection in urine samples of patients and also in biopsy samples [22].…”