HPLC Fingerprint of Important Phenolic Compounds in Some Salvia L. Species from Iran

Abstract

Salvia L. is a large genus of the Lamiaceae family with high medicinal value. Pharmaceutical properties of Salvia species are mainly due to their secondary metabolites, especially phenolic compounds. This study was focused on identification and determination of five bioactive phenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, caffeic acid, salvianolic acids A and B) in the 41 populations from 27 wild Salvia species of Iran using a simple and reliable HPLC-UV method. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique was used to study differentiation among species according to their phenolic compound profiles. Significant intra-and interspecific variations were observed in the distribution patterns and contents of phenolic compounds in the studied Salvia species. As a result of this study, it was found that leaves had greater amounts of phenolic compounds as compared to the roots. The highest content of rosmarinic acid (41.53±0.88 mg/g DW) and salvianolic acid A (8.10±0.35 mg/g DW) were found in the leaves of S. verticillata. The leaves of S. syriaca and S. sharifii were rich in salvianolic acid B (54.47±2.00 mg/g DW) and carnosic acid (34.05±1.18 mg/g DW), respectively. The PCA results revealed chemical variations in the Salvia species collected from different regions and could fully distinguish between them based on the phenolic compounds concentrations. The present study demonstrated that apart from S. officinalis, some wild species such as S. verticillata, S. hypoleuca, S. leriifolia and S. virgata can be introduced as potent natural sources for medicinal and industrial purposes.

Recent Advances in the Analysis of Rosmarinic Acid From Herbs in the Lamiaceae Family

“…4,102,[115][116][117] However, detection at 280 nm is most generally used for RA in plant extracts. 42,83,[118][119][120] Skendi et al 121 have developed a simple and reliable RP-HPLC-DAD technique for 24 phenolic compounds, including RA, for Lamiaceae plants. The limit of detection (LOD) for RA was 0.01 µg/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.005 µg/mL.…”

HPLC profiling of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids in Salvia eigii, Salvia hierosolymitana and Salvia viridis growing wild in Jordan and their in vitro antioxidant activity

“…The content of rosmarinic acid has been reported in S. viridis from various origins. It was detected at low concentration levels in the methanolic extract obtained from S. viridis leaves from Iran (1.15 ± 0.61 mg/g dry weight) and was not detected at all in the roots methanolic extract (Fotovvat, Radjabian & Saboora, 2019). Grzegorczyk-Karolak & Kiss (2018) determined the content of this compound in the hydro-ethanolic extract obtained from S. viridis shoots (1.267 ± 0.058 mg/g dry weight aerial parts) and herbal preparations including infusion (1.283 ± 0.050 mg/g dry weight aerial parts) and decoction (0.525 ± 0.145 mg/gDW).…”

“…Rosmarinic acid content has also been detected lately in 14 Salvia species growing wild in Anatolia-Turkey (1.08-18.7 mg/g dry weight) and the highest content was reported in S. caespitosa (Adımcılar et al, 2019). In Iran, Fotovvat, Radjabian & Saboora (2019) investigated the content of some selected phenolic compounds in 41 different Salvia populations. In this study, rosmarinic acid has been detected at lower concentration levels in the roots (0.62 ± 0.13-11.56 ± 0.35 mg/gDW) when compared to leaves (0.45 ± 0.03-41.53 ± 0.88 mg/gDW), highest content occurred S. verticillata.…”

“…Blue Jeans from Thiland has been reported ( Rungsimakan & Rowan, 2014 ). Caffeic acid has been detected in the methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of S. viridis from Iran (3.20 ± 0.18 mg/g dry weight) ( Fotovvat, Radjabian & Saboora, 2019 ). Recently, Zengina et al (2019) investigated the effect of different extraction methods on the phenolic acids and flavonoids profiles of the roots extract of S. viridis from Turkey ( Zengina et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Extraction of the selected Salvia species was performed according to the procedure described in the literature but with slight modification (Fotovvat, Radjabian & Saboora, 2019). Briefly, 10.0 g sample of the air dried and pulverized aerial parts of each selected species was soaked in HPLC-grade methanol (3 × 100 ml, 24 h each) at room temperature.…”