HPLC–ESI/MS profiling, phytoconstituent isolation and evaluation of renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation in gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats of Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret

Abstract

Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret (family Moraceae) was reported to have various biological activities. However, its activity in treatment of renal injury has not been investigated yet. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of F. spragueana leaf extract on nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin. Gentamicin is an important broad‐spectrum antibiotic; nevertheless, it exhibits serious nephrotoxic adverse effects. HPLC–ESI/MS spectrometric analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 37 phenolic compounds. Moreover, five compounds were isolated from the leaf extract, and identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were syringic acid (1), p‐coumaric acid (2), 3′,5′ O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (3), luteolin‐8‐C‐β‐D glucopyranoside (orientin) (4) and 8‐methoxy kaempferol‐3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) β‐D‐glucopyranoside] (5). The gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity model was used to evaluate the protective effect of F. spragueana on renal toxicity biomarkers throughout the development of acute kidney injury. Administration of extract led to improvement in kidney function through inhibition of kidney injury molecule‐1, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin, as well as decreasing the inflammatory markers interlukin1‐beta and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, it reduced the oxidative stress by increasing reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels while decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide content, and improved renal histopathological injuries.

From salt pan to saucepan: Salicornia, a halophytic vegetable with an array of potential health benefits

“…Furthermore, antioxidant activity of several other phytochemicals including 3,5dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol was evaluated with DPPH-, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP-), nitric oxide-, and superoxide-free radicals scavenging activities in both human and animal cell lines (Jin Young Kim et al, 2011;X. Li et al, 2018;Taher et al, 2021).…”

“…3β‐hydroxy‐23‐oxo‐30‐noroleana‐12, 20(29)‐diene‐28‐oic acid is a novel triterpenoid saponin isolated from several Salicornia species that also has antioxidant property together with antifungal property, which was evaluated by using DPPH assay, peroxynitrate assay and inhibition activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Shan et al., 2015). Furthermore, antioxidant activity of several other phytochemicals including 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol was evaluated with DPPH‐, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP‐), nitric oxide‐, and superoxide‐free radicals scavenging activities in both human and animal cell lines (Jin Young Kim et al., 2011; X. Li et al., 2018; Taher et al., 2021).…”