HPLC determination of lipophilic photosynthetic pigments in algal cultures and lake water samples using a non-endcapped C18-RP-column

Woitke, Peter; Martin, Christa-Dora; Nicklisch, Sabine; Kohl, Johannes-Giinter

doi:10.1007/bf00323701

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The extract was centrifuged for 20 min at 2500 3 g and 4uC in a cooled centrifuge, and 0.2 mL of the supernatant was carefully pipetted under dim light into vials and stored in an autosampler at 4uC in the dark. Pigments were separated, identified, and quantified according to Woitke et al (1994), with some modifications. The HPLC system (Waters Alliance) comprised a Waters 2695 separations module and a 2696 photodiode array detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and photoperiod effects on phytoplankton growing under simulated mixed layer light fluctuations

Shatwell

Nicklisch

Köhler

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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We measured specific growth rates of Stephanodiscus minutulus, Nitzschia acicularis (diatoms), and Limnothrix redekei (cyanobacterium) under fluctuating and constant light in semi-continuous culture at 10uC, 15uC, and 20uC and under photoperiods of 6 h d 21 and 12 h d 21 . Fluctuating light regimes simulated regular vertical mixing in lakes with a ratio of euphotic to mixed depth (z eu : z mix ) of 1 and 0.5 on a cloudless day. Light fluctuations at z eu : z mix 5 1 decreased the growth rates of S. minutulus, N. acicularis, and L. redekei by 18%, 33%, and 29%, respectively, compared to constant light at the same daily light supply. Temperature had no effect on this decrease. Halving z eu : z mix (simulating deep mixing) had the same effect on growth as halving the photoperiod, demonstrating that these factors are cumulative. We introduce a simple empirical factor to adjust growth rates measured under constant light to account for fluctuating light. This factor is independent of temperature and photoperiod, applies over a range of z eu : z mix , and accurately describes present and published growth rates of several species. We show how to account for temporal variability of the light supply at different temperatures and photoperiods when predicting growth rates of phytoplankton.Phytoplankton experience a steadily changing light supply, due to, for example, the course of sunlight throughout the day, varying cloud cover, wave reflections, and vertical transport within the mixed layer. Thus, light is a complex resource for phytoplankton, with both temporal components, like daylength and intensity fluctuations, and a quantitative component, the amount of light energy. In terms of phytoplankton growth, ''light limitation'' generally refers to limitation by the amount of light energy; however, this may not be so simple. During spring, light and temperature generally limit algal growth in lakes before nutrient limitation sets in (Sommer et al. 1986). However, there is evidence that it is not the daily amount of light energy (as mol quanta m 22 d 21 ) but the photoperiod that co-limits algal growth in addition to temperature in early spring, at least in shallow lakes (Nicklisch et al. 2008). Here, calculations based on laboratory measurements of interactions between daily irradiance, photoperiod, and temperature demonstrated that, under spring conditions in a temperate lake, the amount of light energy was only growth limiting for the species tested on certain overcast days, whereas temperature and photoperiod were always important. The photoperiod is determined by the length of the solar day; and, if the euphotic depth (z eu ) is smaller than the mixed depth (z mix ), then algae additionally spend a certain amount of time in the aphotic zone in relative darkness and the effective photoperiod decreases by z eu : z mix . Since algae respond in a species-specific and nonlinear way to growth factors like photoperiod

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and photoperiod effects on phytoplankton growing under simulated mixed layer light fluctuations

Shatwell

Nicklisch

Köhler

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Chlorophylls and xanthophylls were extracted from leaves and detected by HPLC analysis modified after Thayer and Bjoerkman (1990) and Woitke et al (1994). Frozen tissue (200 mg) was ground in liquid nitrogen, a spatula tip of MgCO 3 was added, and the material was homogenized in 1 ml 85% acetone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ specific analysis of the anaerobic primary metabolism in rice and wheat seedlings II: Light exposure reduces needs for fermentation and extends survival during anaerobiosis

Mustroph

Boamfa

Laarhoven

et al. 2006

Planta

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Low oxygen stress in plants can occur during flooding and compromise the availability and utilization of carbohydrates in root and shoot tissues. Low-oxygen-tolerant rice and -sensitive wheat plants were analyzed under anaerobiosis in light to evaluate main factors of the primary metabolism that affect sensitivity against oxygen deprivation: activity of glycolysis and the rate of photosynthesis. Relatively stable ATP contents (93 and 58% of aerated control levels after 24 h anaerobiosis) in illuminated shoot tissues account for enhanced tolerance of rice and wheat seedlings to anaerobiosis upon light exposure in comparison to anoxia in darkness. Although the photosynthetic process was inhibited during low oxygen stress, which was partly due to CO(2) deficiency, more light-exposed than dark-incubated seedlings survived. Illuminated plants could tolerate a 70% lower anaerobic ethanol production in shoots in comparison to darkness, although still an 18-times higher ethanol production rate was determined in rice than in wheat leaves. In conclusion, light-exposed plants grown under anaerobiosis may recycle low amounts of generated oxygen between photosynthesis and dissimilation and generate additional energy not only from substrate phosphorylation during glycolysis but also from other sources like cyclic electron transport.

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“…Replicate samples (n ¼ 3-7) were taken at each station. Pigments were extracted in N,Ndimethylformamide and sonicated for 10 min before the extraction period of 24 h. Chlorophyll pigments, xanthophylls and carotenes were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (Waters, Milford, MA, USA), (Woitke et al, 1994). Absorption spectra and chromatograms (440 nm) were acquired using a photodiode array detector.…”

Section: Site Description and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysiology and albedo-changing potential of the ice algal community on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet

et al. 2012

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Darkening of parts of the Greenland ice sheet surface during the summer months leads to reduced albedo and increased melting. Here we show that heavily pigmented, actively photosynthesising microalgae and cyanobacteria are present on the bare ice. We demonstrate the widespread abundance of green algae in the Zygnematophyceae on the ice sheet surface in Southwest Greenland. Photophysiological measurements (variable chlorophyll fluorescence) indicate that the ice algae likely use screening mechanisms to downregulate photosynthesis when exposed to high intensities of visible and ultraviolet radiation, rather than non-photochemical quenching or cell movement. Using imaging microspectrophotometry, we demonstrate that intact cells and filaments absorb light with characteristic spectral profiles across ultraviolet and visible wavelengths, whereas inorganic dust particles typical for these areas display little absorption. Our results indicate that the phototrophic community growing directly on the bare ice, through their photophysiology, most likely have an important role in changing albedo, and subsequently may impact melt rates on the ice sheet.

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HPLC determination of lipophilic photosynthetic pigments in algal cultures and lake water samples using a non-endcapped C18-RP-column

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Temperature and photoperiod effects on phytoplankton growing under simulated mixed layer light fluctuations

Temperature and photoperiod effects on phytoplankton growing under simulated mixed layer light fluctuations

Organ specific analysis of the anaerobic primary metabolism in rice and wheat seedlings II: Light exposure reduces needs for fermentation and extends survival during anaerobiosis

Photophysiology and albedo-changing potential of the ice algal community on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet

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