HPLC and GC–MS–based metabolic profiles and in vivo anticonvulsant, sedative, and antinociceptive potentials of truffles Tirmania nivea and Tirmania pinoyi hydromethanolic extracts in mice

Abstract

GC-MS and HPLC analyses of the hydromethanolic extracts of the truffles Tirmania nivea (TN) and Tirmania pinoyi (TP) revealed the presence of 18 metabolites and 11 polyphenols, respectively. In vivo, TP extract protected against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electric shock (MES)-induced convulsions faster than TN extract. TP extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed 100% protection and longer duration than TN extract in the scPTZ test. Similarly, at 300 mg/kg, TP demonstrated a quicker start (75%) and longer duration of action (100%) than TN in MES test. In the scPTZ test, ED 50 of TP demonstrated greater anticonvulsant efficacy than that of TN. In mice given TP and TN treatments, the brain GABA levels noticeably increased. TP (100 and 300 mg/kg) produced a notable sedative effect in open-field test, whereas TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) and TP (300 mg/kg) reduced sleep latency by 52%, 45%, and 79%, respectively. In writhing test, TN (100 or 300 mg/kg) significantly enhanced analgesic efficacy by 50 and 87%, respectively.Comparatively, in formalin test, TP and TN at a dosage of 300 mg/kg decreased the length of the licking by 34 and 59%, respectively. For the first time, this study explains the anticonvulsant, sedative, central, and peripheral analgesic activities of truffle extracts.

Quantitative multicomponent analysis of a single marker–based simultaneous determination and quality assessment of nucleoside analogs from Qi Zhi capsules

“…The main nucleosides in leeches are xanthine, hypoxanthine, uridine, and uracil (Liu et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 1999 ; Lu & Jiang, 1992 ; Yuan et al, 2006 ; Wan et al, 2011 ), while the main nucleosides in ground beetles are uracil and allantoin. Phytochemical taxonomy studies state that nucleosides resulting from the genetic characteristics of these two animal medicines can be classified as characteristic chemical components for quality control (Aboutabl et al, 2022 ). At present, HPLC is used for quality assessment (Chen et al, 2022 ; Luo et al, 2012 ).…”