HPLC analysis of naturally occurring free d-amino acids in mammals

Miyoshi, Y.; Koga, Ritsuko; Oyama, Tsubasa; Han, Hai; Ueno, Kyoko; Masuyama, Kei; Itoh, Yoichi; Hamase, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.041

Cited by 106 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, recent progress in analytical technologies certified the presence of D-amino acids in mammals including humans (Kirschner and Green 2009;Miyoshi et al 2012), and D-amino acids are now recognized as the candidates for novel physiologically active substances and biomarkers (Barañano et al 2001;Konno et al 2007;Katane and Homma 2011). Especially, a large amount of free D-serine (D-Ser) was found in the frontal brain (Hashimoto et al 1992;Schell et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

et al. 2012

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For elucidation of the regulation mechanisms of intrinsic amounts of D-serine (D-Ser) which modulates the neuro-transmission of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the brain, mutant animals lacking serine racemase (SRR) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) were established, and the amounts of D-Ser in the tissues and physiological fluids were determined. D-Ser amounts in the frontal brain areas were drastically decreased followed by reduced SRR activity. On the other hand, a moderate but significant decrease in D-Ser amounts was observed in the cerebellum and spinal cord of SRR knock-out (SRR(-/-)) mice compared with those of control mice, although the amounts of D-Ser in these tissues were low. The amounts of D-Ser in the brain and serum were not altered with aging. To clarify the uptake of exogenous D-Ser into the brain tissues, we have determined the D-Ser of SRR(-/-) mice after oral administration of D-Ser for the first time, and a drastic increase in D-Ser amounts in all the tested tissues was observed. Because both DAO and SRR are present in some brain areas, we have established the double mutant mice lacking SRR and DAO for the first time, and the contribution of both enzymes to the intrinsic D-Ser amounts was investigated. In the frontal brain, most of the intrinsic D-Ser was biosynthesized by SRR. On the other hand, half of the D-Ser present in the hindbrain was derived from the biosynthesis by SRR. These results indicate that the regulation of intrinsic D-Ser amounts is different depending on the tissues and provide useful information for the development of treatments for neuronal diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

et al. 2012

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“…Although amino acids exist in nature mainly in the L-form, the presence of Dform of the amino acids has recently been confirmed in various higher organisms [107]. Thus, it is essential to obtain pure enantiomers of the building blocks for proteins and peptides for their therapeutic or diagnostic applications.…”

Section: Swcnts and Mwcnts For Chiral Separation In Biologicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals

Hemasa

Naumovski

Maher

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique mechanical, physical, electrical and absorbability properties coupled with their nanometer dimensional scale that renders them extremely valuable for applications in many fields including nanotechnology and chromatographic separation. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview about the applications of CNTs in chiral and achiral separations of pharmaceuticals, biologics and chemicals. Chiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been directly applied for the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals and biologicals by using them as stationary or pseudostationary phases in chromatographic separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC). Achiral MWCNTs have been used for achiral separations as efficient sorbent objects in solid-phase extraction techniques of biochemicals and drugs. Achiral SWCNTs have been applied in achiral separation of biological samples. Achiral SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been also successfully used to separate achiral mixtures of pharmaceuticals and chemicals. Collectively, functionalized CNTs have been indirectly applied in separation science by enhancing the enantioseparation of different chiral selectors whereas, non-functionalized CNTs have shown efficient capabilities for chiral separations by using techniques such as encapsulation or immobilization in polymer monolithic columns.

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“…Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography methods for the determination and analysis of disease biomarkers including some chiral methods for AAs were clearly reviewed [41]. Several review papers focused on the presence of D-AAs in mammals, their function, their diagnostic value as biomarkers, and also HPLC methods for their determination [42][43][44][45][46][47]. Examples of D-AAs related to some diseases are summarized in Table 1.The enantioseparation of D,L-AAs continues to be a subject of immense study due to its significant importance in various areas.…”

Section: D-amino Acids As Biomarkers Of Diseases/disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement

2016

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Abstract:Occurrence of D-amino acids in living organisms is a useful indicator of various changes, diseases, or disorders. Determination of amino acid enantiomers, namely the enantiomeric ratio of amino acids or excess of certain D-amino acids, represents a useful tool in the studies of aging processes or biomarkers in disease/disorder diagnosis in humans. The amount of D-amino acids is usually very low. Therefore, suitable sample pretreatment, often derivatization, and highly selective and sensitive separation methods are essential for D-amino acid analysis in this field. Chromatographic techniques offer appropriate choices for solving these tasks. This review covers the advances in methodology and development of improved instrumental chromatographic methods focused on D,L-amino acid separation and determination. New findings in the area of possible D-amino acid biomarkers are also included.

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HPLC analysis of naturally occurring free d-amino acids in mammals

Cited by 106 publications

References 62 publications

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

Alteration of intrinsic amounts of d-serine in the mice lacking serine racemase and d-amino acid oxidase

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Chiral and Achiral Separations of Pharmaceuticals, Biologics and Chemicals

Enantiomeric Ratio of Amino Acids as a Tool for Determination of Aging and Disease Diagnostics by Chromatographic Measurement

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