HPLC analysis of flavokavins and kavapyrones from Piper methysticum Forst.

Meissner, Oliver; Häberlein, Hanns

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.003

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similarly to previous quantitative studies of compounds from kava, we observed a high level of reproducibility of replicate extractions of material from individual kava sources [45]. Principal component analysis showed that replicate extractions from the same kava source are tightly clustered (Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Measuring the Chemical and Cytotoxic Variability of Commercially Available Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster)

et al. 2014

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Formerly used world-wide as a popular botanical medicine to reduce anxiety, reports of hepatotoxicity linked to consuming kava extracts in the late 1990s have resulted in global restrictions on kava use and have hindered kava-related research. Despite its presence on the United States Food and Drug Administration consumer advisory list for the past decade, export data from kava producing countries implies that US kava imports, which are not publicly reported, are both increasing and of a fairly high volume. We have measured the variability in extract chemical composition and cytotoxicity towards human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cells of 25 commercially available kava products. Results reveal a high level of variation in chemical content and cytotoxicity of currently available kava products. As public interest and use of kava products continues to increase in the United States, efforts to characterize products and expedite research of this potentially useful botanical medicine are necessary.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Measuring the Chemical and Cytotoxic Variability of Commercially Available Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster)

et al. 2014

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“…Generally, six kavalactones, desmethoxyyangonin, dihydrokawain, dihydromethysticin, kawain, methysticin, and yangonin, are the major components in kava root, accounting for ∼60% of the mass balance of the organic extract (26). Three chalcones, flavokawains A, B, and C, are minor components, accounting for ∼1% of the organic extract (57). Among the different components in kava, the kavalactones seem to be the most potent inhibitors against cytochrome P450s (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemopreventive Effect of Kava on 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus Benzo[a]pyrene–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice

Johnson

Kassie

O’Sullivan

et al. 2008

Cancer Prevention Research

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and chemoprevention is a potential strategy to help control this disease. Epidemiologic survey indicates that kava may be chemopreventive for lung cancer, but there is a concern about its potential hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated whether oral kava could prevent 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) plus benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. We also studied the effect of kava to liver. At a dose of 10 mg/g diet, 30-week kava treatment (8 weeks concurrent with NNK and B[a]P treatment followed by 22 weeks post-carcinogen treatment) effectively reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 56%. Kava also reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 47% when administered concurrently with NNK and B[a]P for 8 weeks. Perhaps most importantly, kava reduced lung tumor multiplicity by 49% when administered after the final NNK and B[a]P treatment. These results show for the first time the chemopreventive potential of kava against lung tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, kava inhibited proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in lung tumors, as shown by a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an increase in caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Kava treatment also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor κBNF-κB, a potential upstream mechanism of kava chemoprevention. Although not rigorously evaluated in this study, our preliminary data were not suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Based on these results, further studies are warranted to explore the chemopreventive potential and safety of kava.

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“…In Europe, it was used for the treatment of chronic inflammations of the urinary tract at the beginning of the twentieth century [6,7]. However, the consumption of kava has recently been reported to cause serious side effects such as hepatitis and acute liver failure [8][9][10][11]13] and, consequently, European and Canadian drug control authorities have withdrawn the registration of all herbal medicinal products containing kava preparations. The U.S. FDA advises hepatitis patients to get their doctor's advice before consuming kava [9,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of extracting solvents to chemical components of kava (Piper methysticum) roots

et al. 2007

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The chemical composition of kava (Piper methysticum) lactones and various phytochemicals obtained following the sonication of ground kava roots extracted in the solvents hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, respectively, was analyzed. Eighteen kava lactones, cinnamic acid bornyl ester and 5,7-dimethoxy-flavanone, known to be present in kava roots, were identified, and seven compounds, including 2,5,8-trimethyl-1-naphthol, 5-methyl-1-phenylhexen-3-yn-5-ol, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, 5,7-(OH)(2)-4'-one-6,8-dimethylflavanone, pinostrobin chalcone and 7-dimethoxyflavanone-5-hydroxy-4', were identified for the first time. Glutathione (26.3 mg/g) was found in the water extract. Dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) was present at a higher level than methysticin and desmethoxyyagonin, indicating that DDK is also a major constituent of kava roots. Acetone was the most effective solvent in terms of maximum yield and types of kava lactones isolated, followed by water and chloroform, whereas hexane, methanol, and ethanol were less effective as solvents. Total phenolic and antioxidant activity varied among the extracting solvents, with acetone and chloroform producing the highest effects, followed by water, while methanol, ethanol and hexane were less effective.

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HPLC analysis of flavokavins and kavapyrones from Piper methysticum Forst.

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Measuring the Chemical and Cytotoxic Variability of Commercially Available Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster)

Measuring the Chemical and Cytotoxic Variability of Commercially Available Kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster)

Chemopreventive Effect of Kava on 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus Benzo[a]pyrene–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice

Efficacy of extracting solvents to chemical components of kava (Piper methysticum) roots

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