HPLC analysis of eluted monomers from two composite resins cured with LED and halogen curing lights

Abstract

This study investigated the leaching of monomers (Bis-GMA and TEGDMA) from nano-hybrid (Filtek Supreme) and flowable (Filtek Flow) dental composite resins cured with LED or conventional halogen curing lights, and immersed in saliva or water for 24 h. Nine disc specimens were made for each experimental group. After the polymerization process, the specimens were immersed in either water or saliva and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Eluted Bis-GMA and TEGDMA monomers were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and the independent samples t test. TEGDMA (53.15-1 microg/L) was leached from the resins at a higher level than Bis-GMA (28-0.5 microg/L) (p < 0.01), regardless of the affecting factors: composite type, solvent (media) and type of curing light. In general, Filtek Flow resin released more TEGDMA than Filtek Supreme (p < 0.05), but the Supreme resin released more Bis-GMA than TEGDMA (p < 0.05). Halogen light induced greater monomer elution than LED light immersion in water. Saliva released more TEGDMA than water (p < 0.05). We conclude that (1) total leached TEGDMA was higher than total Bis-GMA, (2) saliva and halogen light (lower intensity than LED) leached more monomers from the resins, and (3) the flowable composite resin leached more TEGDMA than the nano-hybrid.

Elution study of unreacted TEGDMA from bulk-fill composite (SDR™ Dentsply) using HPLC

“…TEGDMA concentrations obtained in this paper can be compared with those achieved during monomer release from modern flowable composites into different solvents. In all the analysed studies, regardless of the extraction medium used, the authors obtained higher free TEGDMA concentrations when compared to our experiment [26,29,41]. As an example, Tabatabaee et al examined the 24-h release of TEGDMA monomer from Filtek Flow (3M ESPE) material into water and human saliva [29].…”

“…According to some studies, the elution process ends after 1-7 days, while other authors state that it is longer, e.g. 30 days [26,[28][29][30]39]. The saturation of the resin with the extraction medium takes weeks or months to complete, due to the slow diffusion of substances into the cross-linked matrix of the composite resin.…”

“…Based on the high-performance liquid chromatography results, it can be presumed that the cytotoxicity of the composite materials could be related to the amount of TEGDMA eluted [26][27][28][29][30][31]. Despite the fact that many authors have studied the release of residual monomers from composite materials, to date no paper assessing the release of monomers from SDR TM flow composite, polymerised in layers thicker than 4 mm, has been published.…”

Degree of conversion of nano-hybrid resin-based composites with novel and conventional matrix formulation

“…Cell culture techniques have provided evidence that the epoxy-compound 2,3-epoxymethacrylic acid (2,3-EMA) has emerged from methacrylic acid as an intermediate in the metabolism of matrix monomer components such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) which is often used as a diluting agent in dental RBCs [33,36] like for example in Premise, a material which was evaluated in this study. TEGDMA in its unreacted monomer form is relatively hydrophilic and shows greater water solubility potential than most other commonly used monomer components, so that it is more easily eluted from an RBC material in comparison to other monomers like Bis-GMA for example [37]. TEGDMA in particular may have toxic effects on oral tissue cells like gingival or pulp cells [38] and may cause genotoxicity and changes in cytokine expression [39].…”

An investigation into bisphenol-A leaching from orthodontic materials

“…Large material samples (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) were cut with scissors into approximately 5 3 5-mm squares. To ensure a complete cure, eliminate an oxygen-inhibited layer, and avoid leaching of residual monomers, 29,31,32 disks of Transbond XT and Ultra Band-Lok (materials 11 and 12) were prepared by filling a die space with the material, covering the top of the die with a clear matrix strip (Epitex finishing strips, Lot #0802041, GC America Inc, Alsip, Ill), and curing for 60 seconds with a halogen curing unit (Dentsply Caulk Limited, Model #200R, Milford, Del). The resulting disks were 2 mm in thickness and 6 mm in diameter.…”