HP1 knockdown is associated with abnormal condensation of almost all chromatin types in a grasshopper (Eyprepocnemis plorans)

Ruiz-Estévez, Mercedes; Bakkali, Mohammed; Cabrero, J.; Camacho, Juan Pedro M.; López-León, María Dolores

doi:10.1007/s10577-013-9399-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Heterochromatin is a gene-poor component of most eukaryotic genomes. Yet, its establishment and maintenance is nevertheless essential for many cellular processes including chromosome condensation and segregation, repression of TEs, and genome stability ( Abe et al, 2016 ; Grézy et al, 2016 ; Levine et al, 2015 ; Nambiar and Smith, 2018 ; Okita et al, 2019 ; Vernì and Cenci, 2015 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Azzaz et al, 2014 ; Inoue et al, 2008 ; Ruiz-Estévez et al, 2014 ; Verschure et al, 2005 ; Brennecke et al, 2007 ; Senti and Brennecke, 2010 ; Goriaux et al, 2014a ; Goriaux et al, 2014b ). Thus, the rapid evolution of genes encoding heterochromatin functions might reflect lineage-specific mechanisms to package heterochromatic DNA, or silence TEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation of heterochromatin functions drives rapid evolution of essential ZAD-ZNF genes in Drosophila

Kasinathan

Colmenares

McConnell

et al. 2020

eLife

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Contrary to dogma, evolutionarily young and dynamic genes can encode essential functions. We find that evolutionarily dynamic ZAD-ZNF genes, which encode the most abundant class of insect transcription factors, are more likely to encode essential functions in Drosophila melanogaster than ancient, conserved ZAD-ZNF genes. We focus on the Nicknack ZAD-ZNF gene, which is evolutionarily young, poorly retained in Drosophila species, and evolves under strong positive selection. Yet we find that it is necessary for larval development in D. melanogaster. We show that Nicknack encodes a heterochromatin-localizing protein like its paralog Oddjob, also an evolutionarily dynamic yet essential ZAD-ZNF gene. We find that the divergent D. simulans Nicknack protein can still localize to D. melanogaster heterochromatin and rescue viability of female but not male Nicknack-null D. melanogaster. Our findings suggest that innovation for rapidly changing heterochromatin functions might generally explain the essentiality of many evolutionarily dynamic ZAD-ZNF genes in insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation of heterochromatin functions drives rapid evolution of essential ZAD-ZNF genes in Drosophila

Kasinathan

Colmenares

McConnell

et al. 2020

eLife

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“…With the availability of transcriptomics (Chen et al., ; Badisco et al., ,b; Guo et al., ; Zhang et al., ) and genomics (Wang et al., ) data, research on the molecular basis of locust gregariousness is entering a function‐testing phase (Bakkali, ). RNAi, for instance, has been applied to various Orthoptera species (Dong & Friedrich, ; He et al., ; Boerjan et al., ; Cabrero et al., ; Ruiz‐Estévez et al., ). Studies like these need tools for quantifying the degree of locust gregariousness in order to quantitatively compare its gene expression levels before and after an experimental alteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of multivariate regression models for estimation of the gregariousness level of the main pest locust

Martín-Blázquez

Bakkali

2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Recurrent locust population outbreaks have a tremendous impact on ecosystems and economies around the globe. These population outbreaks are associated with a shift from the usual solitary locust phase to a gregarious one. Most molecular research on locusts is focused on uncovering the basis underlying the change to gregariousness. With the increasing availability of ‘omics’ data, the research on this subject is entering a functional testing era. In order to successfully test functionality of a gene or molecule, quantitative measurements of the level of gregariousness are needed. Currently no valid molecular marker is available, thus the assessment of the degree of locust gregariousness is based on mathematical modeling. However, the absence of one single model means heterogeneity and implies that researchers have to spend time and effort building one for their specific experiments. Here, we offer a script to simplify extraction of the data from locust behavioral video tracks. We also suggest two mathematical equations for assessing the levels of gregariousness of one of the most notorious pest locusts – Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). One model uses morphometric variables and is valid for the comparison of nymphs, whereas the other has no morphometric variables and is for testing the adults and the same specimens of non‐molted nymphs. The sensitivity of these models was optimized and the effects of sex, developmental stage, and locust size were considered. The models were tested with independent samples and were found to work both for solitary and gregarious locusts. They were also found to be quantitative and could be used to distinguish populations of different densities and states. We therefore offer accessible, reliable, time, and effort‐saving tools for researchers to use. The use of these models by multiple laboratories would standardize and homogenize methodologies to the benefit of reliable results and interpretations.

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“…As reference genes we used actin and tubulin as in 79 . cDNA preparation and qPCR were as described in 80 , 81 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-Seq reveals large quantitative differences between the transcriptomes of outbreak and non-outbreak locusts

Bakkali

Martín-Blázquez

2018

Sci Rep

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Outbreaks of locust populations repeatedly devastate economies and ecosystems in large parts of the world. The consequent behavioural shift from solitarious to gregarious and the concomitant changes in the locusts’ biology are of relevant scientific interest. Yet, research on the main locust species has not benefitted from recent advances in genomics. In this first RNA-Seq study on Schistocerca gregaria, we report two transcriptomes, including many novel genes, as well as differential gene expression results. In line with the large biological differences between solitarious and gregarious locusts, almost half of the transcripts are differentially expressed between their central nervous systems. Most of these transcripts are over-expressed in the gregarious locusts, suggesting positive correlations between the levels of activity at the population, individual, tissue and gene expression levels. We group these differentially expressed transcripts by gene function and highlight those that are most likely to be associated with locusts’ phase change either in a species-specific or general manner. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of population-level and physiological events leading to gregariousness.

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HP1 knockdown is associated with abnormal condensation of almost all chromatin types in a grasshopper (Eyprepocnemis plorans)

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Innovation of heterochromatin functions drives rapid evolution of essential ZAD-ZNF genes in Drosophila

Innovation of heterochromatin functions drives rapid evolution of essential ZAD-ZNF genes in Drosophila

Standardization of multivariate regression models for estimation of the gregariousness level of the main pest locust

RNA-Seq reveals large quantitative differences between the transcriptomes of outbreak and non-outbreak locusts

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