How you use it matters: Object Function Guides Attention during Visual Search in Scenes

Castelhano, Monica S.; Shi, Qian; Witherspoon, Richelle

doi:10.1167/16.12.337

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…‘affordances’ [4,71]. Action affordance has shown to be an important factor in how we understand objects [72], and object affordance influences how we search for items in visual scenes [73]. While several studies have considered how visual scenes serve as a context facilitating recognition of both objects [18,74–76] and actions [77], the idea that affordances determine how we understand the scene itself is relatively unexplored.…”

Section: Goal 4: What Can I Do Here?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Real-World Scenes

Malcolm

Groen

Baker

2016

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

124

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To interact with the world, we have to make sense of the continuous sensory input conveying information about our environment. A recent surge of studies has investigated the processes enabling scene understanding, using increasingly complex stimuli and sophisticated analyses to highlight the visual features and brain regions involved. However, there are two major challenges to producing a comprehensive framework for scene understanding. First, scene perception is highly dynamic, subserving multiple behavioral goals. Second, a multitude of different visual properties co-occur across scenes and may be correlated or independent. We synthesize the recent literature and argue that for a complete view of scene understanding, it is necessary to account for both differing observer goals and the contribution of diverse scene properties.

show abstract

Section: Goal 4: What Can I Do Here?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Real-World Scenes

Malcolm

Groen

Baker

2016

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

124

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the scene preview benefit exists even if the target object was not visible during the preview (i.e., digitally removed), but only found through windowed search, thereby confirming the benefit of scene-context processing, irrespective of any additional local target processing that could occur when targets are present in previews (Castelhano & Henderson, 2007;Võ & Henderson, 2010). The FPMW has also been used to demonstrate how semantically consistent and inconsistent objects are processed within scenes (Castelhano & Heaven 2011;Võ & Henderson, 2011), and how learned object function may guide attention aside from object features (Castelhano & Witherspoon, 2016). The ability to process the scene preview has been linked to individual differences in visual perceptual processing speed (Võ & Schneider, 2010), and the time-course of the initial representation derived from the scene preview has also been investigated.…”

Section: Flash-preview Moving Windowmentioning

confidence: 76%

The Flash-Preview Moving Window Paradigm: Unpacking Visual Expertise One Glimpse at a Time

Litchfield¹,

Donovan²

2017

FLR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How we make sense of what we see and where best to look is shaped by our experience, our current task goals and how we first perceive our environment. An established way of demonstrating these factors work together is to study how eye movement patterns change as a function of expertise and to observe how experts can solve complex tasks after only very brief glances at a domain-specific image. The primary focus of this paper is to introduce an innovative gaze-contingent method called the 'Flash-Preview Moving Window' (FPMW) paradigm (Castelhano & Henderson, 2007), which was recently developed to understand our shared expertise in scene perception and how our first glimpse of a scene is used to guide our eye movement behaviour. In keeping with this special issue on visual expertise and medicine, this paper will highlight how the FPMW paradigm has the potential to resolve long-standing theoretical issues as to how, right from the very first glance, experts are able to process domain-specific images and guide their eye movements better than novices. Since FPMW is a gaze-contingent eye-tracking method, the paper will first outline the current methodological and theoretical frontier, and how the FPMW paradigm bridges established methods used to investigate visual expertise. The paper will discuss a recent example in which the FPMW was employed to investigate medical image perception expertise for the first time (Litchfield & Donovan, 2016), and by discussing the insights and challenges this method offers, this should ultimately deepen our understanding of visual expertise.

show abstract

“…This sheds new light on recent research that manipulated the contents of target and scene knowledge itself, rather than the order in which target knowledge is activated (Litchfield & Donovan, 2016). If search is guided by target templates (Malcom & Henderson, 2009) and scene-gist information (Bahle, Matsukura, & Hollingworth, in press) then the effectiveness of search should be dependent on the expertise of the individual and their ability to take advantage of this knowledge (Castelhano & Witherspoon, 2016). The findings from the present study show that weak scene preview effects previously observed by Litchfield and Donovan (2016) are unlikely to be due to methodological issues relating to repeated search or knowing beforehand the identity of the upcoming image and target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Following a 250ms glimpse of the upcoming scene, participants were quicker to initiate search and quicker to fixate the target. In addition, knowing target identity before scene preview led to further improvements in how search was executed, but such improvements did not carry over to RTs, suggesting this metric may not be as sensitive as search latency, as it also includes variability in verification time (Castelhano & Heaven, 2010;Castelhano & Witherspoon, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FPMW paradigm has revealed individual differences associated with initial scene processing (Litchfield & Donovan, 2016;Võ & Schneider, 2010), the extent to which semantically consistent objects are processed within scenes (Castelhano & Heaven 2011;Võ & Henderson, 2011), how learned object function may guide attention aside from object features (Castelhano & Witherspoon, 2016), and the time-course of the initial representation (Hillstrom, et al, 2012;Võ & Henderson, 2010). For example, Võ and Henderson (2010) found that although 250ms offered an optimal scene preview benefit, a shorter scene preview could guide search provided there was a corresponding increase in the time between onset of scene preview and the start of windowed search (i.e., integration time).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation