The ocean plays a significant role in reducing human impact on the climate by absorbing and sequestering approximately one quarter of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions each year since the 1960s (Friedlingstein et al., 2021). Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the ocean has absorbed about a third of the total anthropogenic emissions (Khatiwala et al., 2013;Sabine et al., 2004). The processes governing the large-scale distribution of ocean pCO 2 and the drivers of seasonality are well understood (Crisp et al., 2022;Takahashi et al., 2002Takahashi et al., , 2009). Yet, the quantification of year-to-year variability and long-term changes in this carbon sink remains a challenge (