How we deal with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) central nervous system infections

Antonello, Roberta Maria; Riccardi, Niccolò

doi:10.31083/j.fbs1401001

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although MRSA infections are becoming increasingly prevalent in the community, cerebral abscesses caused by this pathogen remain rare [ 3 ]. Staphylococcus aureus is a challenging pathogen in the management and treatment of central nervous system infections, with recent neurosurgical procedures and immunocompromised status as major risk factors, requiring anti-MRSA antibiotics and prompt source control [ 4 ]. Furthermore, the presence of sagittal vein thrombosis is an unusual finding in patients with cerebral abscesses, and the combination of these two pathologies poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless Patient With Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Brain Abscesses

Jilani¹,

Renteria²,

Brockman³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Brain abscess secondary to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection is a rare, yet highly fatal disease. This article presents the case of a 45-year-old homeless female with a medical history of bipolar disorder, seizure disorder, and substance use disorder who was admitted with altered mental status. Laboratory tests on admission revealed neutrophil-predominant leukocytosis, elevated inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP]), and lactic acid. MRI brain demonstrated multiple cerebral abscesses with surrounding edema and sagittal vein thrombosis. The patient was initiated on broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent a right-sided minimally invasive needle biopsy of the abscess and left frontal craniotomy for abscess evacuation, the culture of which confirmed the diagnosis of MRSA infection. As the patient did not have any hospitalization or procedure in the recent past, a diagnosis of CA-MRSA was made. The patient's clinical status improved following the procedure and antibiotic administration, but she left against medical advice before completing treatment. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and aggressive management of CA-MRSA infections, especially in vulnerable populations such as the homeless.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless Patient With Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Brain Abscesses

Jilani¹,

Renteria²,

Brockman³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Two major types of brain infections are meningitis and encephalitis. Meningitis occurs when a bacterial agent infects the meninges and encephalitis is the infection of the brain tissue itself [ 28 , 29 ]. Approximately 1.2 million cases of meningitis occur globally each year [ 30 ], while the incidence of encephalitis infection tends to vary between studies, but the 2019 census estimated 1.4 million cases with 89,900 deaths and 4.80 million DALYs [ 31 ].…”

Section: Acquired Brain Injury and Its Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review

et al. 2022

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Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.

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“…S. aureus is the most pathogenic species among the staphylococci. It is responsible for various infections, such as pneumonia, deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, phlebitis, mastitis, and meningitis, and is often a significant cause of nosocomial infections [9][10][11][12][13]. The bacteria S. aureus and S. epidermidis are becoming increasingly frequent in cases of multidrug resistance, mainly because methicillin-resistant S. aureus creates outbreaks in hospitals and can potentially become epidemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

May Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases from Mammaliicoccus sciuri Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Gene Transfer to Other Harmful Staphylococci?

Luca

Giovannuzzi

Supuran

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Mammaliicoccus sciuri, previously known as Staphylococcus sciuri, is a Gram-positive bacterium involved in gene transfer phenomena that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics. These plasmid-encoded genes can be easily transferred to other pathogenic staphylococci. Because antibiotic resistance is rising, inhibiting M. sciuri proliferation may be a credible strategy for restricting antimicrobial resistance gene transfer to other pathogenic bacteria. Recently, it has been shown that blocking bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), metalloenzymes sustaining bacterial metabolic activities, can reduce pathogen survival and fitness. Here, the recombinant M. sciuri γ-CA (MscCAγ) has been cloned and purified, utilizing the DNA recombinant technology. Its kinetic properties for the CO2 hydration reaction, as well as the sulfonamide inhibition profile, were investigated and compared with those reported earlier for MscCAβ (previously described as SauBCA) and the two off-target human CA isoforms (hCA I and hCA II). The recombinant MscCAγ showed significant hydratase activity. Moreover, the MscCAγ sulfonamide inhibitory profile was different from that of MscCAβ, implying that a varied amino acid set typifies the catalytic pocket of the two enzymes. These differences provide additional evidence for the possibility of developing novel CA class-specific inhibitors.

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How we deal with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) central nervous system infections

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Homeless Patient With Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Brain Abscesses

Homeless Patient With Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Brain Abscesses

Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review

May Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases from Mammaliicoccus sciuri Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance Due to Gene Transfer to Other Harmful Staphylococci?

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