How Wartime Violence Affects Social Cohesion: The Spatial–Temporal Gravity Model

Weidmann, Nils B.; Zürcher, Christoph

doi:10.1080/13698249.2013.781299

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Gilligan et al (2014) find that members of communities with greater exposure during Nepal’s civil war are more likely to contribute to public goods and are significantly more trusting. Using survey data from northern Afghanistan, Weidmann and Zuercher (2013) do not find evidence for the hypothesis that wartime violence leads to an increase in social cohesion.…”

Section: The Legacy Of War—effects Of Violence On Perceptions and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 66%

Civil war violence and political trust: Microlevel evidence from Nepal

Juan

Pierskalla

2014

Conflict Management and Peace Science

148

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Section: The Legacy Of War—effects Of Violence On Perceptions and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 66%

Civil war violence and political trust: Microlevel evidence from Nepal

Juan

Pierskalla

2014

Conflict Management and Peace Science

148

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“…76 77 Some argue that in both, an accumulation of stressors from displacement, poverty, poor mental health and increased substance use, and collapse of policing and social order can trigger VAWG. 76 77 Yet unlike armed conflict that begins and ends with the destruction to social structures, 78 some studies argue that disasters caused by natural hazards can increase altruism, social cohesion or women's economic participation in previously male-dominated spaces and may have protective effects on postdisaster VAWG. [79][80][81][82] This premise, however, is not well supported by this present review and no study suggested any protective effects of disaster exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

2021

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IntroductionDisasters triggered by climate and other natural hazards are increasing in frequency, severity and duration worldwide. Disasters disproportionately impact women and girls, with some evidence suggesting that violence against women and girls (VAWG) increases in disaster settings. Suggested risk factors for postdisaster VAWG include increased life stressors, failure of law enforcement, exposure to high-risk environments, exacerbation of existing gender inequalities and unequal social norms. We aim to systematically appraise the global literature on the association between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using the following databases: Embase, Global Health, Medline, PubMed and Social Policy and Practice and searched grey literature. We included quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods studies published in English language that examined the association between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG. We summarised the findings using a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsOf 555 non-duplicate records, we included a total of 37 quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Among the quantitative studies, eight studies found a positive association between disaster exposure and increased VAWG, and four additional studies found positive associations with some violence types but not others. Qualitative findings offered insights into three hypothesised pathways: disaster exposure associated with (1) an increase of stressors that trigger VAWG; (2) an increase of enabling environments for VAWG and (3) an exacerbation of underlying drivers of VAWG.ConclusionAs the first known global systematic review on the relationship between disasters from natural hazards and VAWG, this review contributes to the evidence base. We were limited by the quality of quantitative studies, specifically study designs, the measurement of variables and geographic scope. The severe health consequences of VAWG and increasing frequency of extreme events means that rigorously designed and better quality studies are needed to inform evidence-based policies and safeguard women and girls during and after disasters.

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“…In contrast, results from two surveys administered in Northern Afghanistan show that civilian exposure to Taliban and counterinsurgent violence did not change communities' average perception of the two sides while it polarized opinions within these communities (i.e., it increased variation in attitudes; Weidmann and Zürcher 2013). Since exposure to violence did not reduce trust inside the local community (Weidmann and Zürcher 2013), it is unclear whether the polarization of views induced civilians to tell on each other or not.…”

Section: Informational Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, a survey experiment conducted in five Pashtun-dominated provinces in the center of the Taliban insurgency shows that victimization by International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) reduced support for ISAF and increased support for the Taliban, while Talibaninflicted harm to civilians did not translate into greater support for ISAF and only marginally decreased Taliban support (Lyall, Blair, and Imai 2013). In contrast, results from two surveys administered in Northern Afghanistan show that civilian exposure to Taliban and counterinsurgent violence did not change communities' average perception of the two sides while it polarized opinions within these communities (i.e., it increased variation in attitudes; Weidmann and Zürcher 2013). Since exposure to violence did not reduce trust inside the local community (Weidmann and Zürcher 2013), it is unclear whether the polarization of views induced civilians to tell on each other or not.…”

Section: Informational Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lessons on Political Violence from America’s Post–9/11 Wars

Mikulaschek

Shapiro

2016

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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A large literature has emerged in political science that studies the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This article summarizes the lessons learned from this literature, both theoretical and practical. To put this emerging knowledge base into perspective, we review findings along two dimensions of conflict: factors influencing whether states or substate groups enter into conflict in the first place and variables affecting the intensity of fighting at particular times and places once war has started. We then discuss the external validity issues entailed in learning about contemporary wars and insurgencies from research focused on the Afghanistan and Iraq wars during the period of US involvement. We close by summarizing the uniquely rich qualitative and quantitative data on these wars (both publicly available and what likely exists but has not been released) and outline potential avenues for future research.

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How Wartime Violence Affects Social Cohesion: The Spatial–Temporal Gravity Model

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Civil war violence and political trust: Microlevel evidence from Nepal

Civil war violence and political trust: Microlevel evidence from Nepal

Natural hazards, disasters and violence against women and girls: a global mixed-methods systematic review

Lessons on Political Violence from America’s Post–9/11 Wars

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